Exploiting Rayleigh Instability in Creating Parallel Au Nanowires with Exotic Arrangements

New types of nanowire arrangements are explored via active surface growth, where the use of Au seeds at room temperature means that the seed shape has major impacts on the subsequent nanowire growth. When Au nanorods are used as seeds, the original stripe-shape contact line with the substrate (the active surface) splits into a series of circular dots as the result of Rayleigh instability, giving coplanar nanowire bundles. The influence of a solid system by Rayleigh instability is exceptional, permitted by the dynamic active surface. The splitting is driven by the tendency to minimize the surface of the newly emerged nanowire section, whereas Rayleigh instability is responsible for overcoming the kinetic barriers. As a result, the average distance between the nanowires is only a few nanometers, much smaller than conventional lithographic methods. Conical and tubular bundles of nanowires are formed at low seed density, where the excessive growth material available for each seed leads to expansion and splitting of the active surface under the influence of both the diffusion limited growth and Rayleigh instability. Further designs of nanowire-based Au architectures demonstrate the feasibility of combining the multiple control of the system for new synthetic advances.