Gas Transport Mechanisms and Applications Through Graphene‐Based Membranes

Abstract Gas separation plays a vital role in various fields, including chemical industry, environmental engineering, healthcare, etc. Membrane‐based separations have advantages in energy efficiency, environmental compatibility, and operational flexibility, which call for the emergence of more advanced materials. As one of the thinnest membranes, graphene‐based membranes have garnered huge attention due to their potential to overcome the permeability and selectivity trade‐off in traditional polymeric membranes. Therefore, understanding gas transport mechanisms and guiding applications in graphene‐based membranes is both essential and urgent. In this review, the focus is on gas transport across graphene‐based membranes and is divided into two major components: theoretical progress and experimental progress. Gas transport theory and numerical analysis at the continuum to sub‐continuum regime are first discussed to establish the foundation for graphene‐based membranes. Then, simulation and experimental developments are presented to deepen the understanding of fundamental mechanisms and to promote the next‐generation graphene‐based gas separation membrane design. Finally, challenges and perspectives in this advancing field are discussed for the fundamental research and performance improvements.