Photothermal Responsive Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction Resolving Exosomal microRNAs Expression in Liver Cancer

Abstract Exosomal microRNAs have been studied as a good source of noninvasive biomarkers due to their functions in genetic exchange between cells and have been already well documented in many biological activities; however, inaccuracy remains a key challenge for liver cancer surveillance. Herein, a versatile duplex photothermal digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy combined with a lipid nanoparticle‐based exosome capture approach is proposed to profile microRNAs expression through a 3‐h easy‐to‐operate process. The microfluidically‐generated molybdenum disulfide‐nanocomposite‐doped gelatin microcarriers display attractive properties as a 2–4 °C s⁻¹ ramping‐up rate triggered by near‐infrared and reversible sol–gel transforming in step with PCR activation. To achieve PCR thermocycling, the corresponding irradiation coordinating with fan cooling are automatically performed via a homemade control module with programs. Thus, taking the multiplexing capability of dual‐color labeling, 19–31 folds higher in exosomal microRNA‐200b‐3p and microRNA‐21‐5p, and tenfold lower in microRNA‐22‐3p expressions relative to the control microRNA‐26a‐5p are quantified in two liver cancer cells (Huh7 and HepG2) than in those from the healthy cells. It is believed that this exosomal microRNA genotyping method would be highly applicable for liver cancer diagnostics.