Highly Perforated V₂O₅ Cathode with Restricted Lithiation toward Building “Rocking‐Chair” Type Cell with Graphite Anode Recovered from Spent Li‐Ion Batteries

Abstract Current research motivation on fabricating next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries by averting the growing demand for battery raw materials brings enormous interest on the V₂O₅ cathode again as a result of its abundance, ease synthesis, and tunable Li‐intercalation properties. So far, the research activities are mainly focused on V₂O₅ to attain a maximum capacity (>300 mAh g⁻¹) for more than 1 mol. Li‐intercalation which results in poor structural stability. Keeping this issue in mind, here, the full‐cell assembly by limiting 1 mol is proposed and constructed. Li‐insertion in V₂O₅ as a cathode and LiC₆ as an anode for the first time. Prior to the full‐cell assembly, hydrothermally prepared rod‐like V₂O₅ reveals the specific capacity of 143 mAh g⁻¹ in half‐cell configuration with good cycling stability. The full‐cell, V₂O₅/LiC_6, offers a specific capacity of ≈236 mAh g⁻¹ with a maximum energy density of ≈197.1 Wh kg⁻¹. Furthermore, the practical feasibility of the cell has been examined at different temperatures that divulged a maximum energy density of 136 Wh kg⁻¹ at 50 °C. Also, the obtained results encourage V₂O₅ as a strong contender for the commercial LiFePO₄/C system andpave the new directions for advanced battery technology.