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journal article·2024-02Open access

4D‐Printable Photocrosslinkable Polyurethane‐Based Inks for Tissue Scaffold and Actuator Applications

Hossein Goodarzi Hosseinabadi, Arpan Biswas, Anant Bhusal, Ali Yousefinejad, Aastha Lall, Wolfram‐Hubertus Zimmermann, Amir K. Miri, Leonid Ionov

Small· Volume 20· Issue 6
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Abstract

Abstract 4D printing recently emerges as an exciting evolution of conventional 3D printing, where a printed construct can quickly transform in response to a specific stimulus to switch between a temporary variable state and an original state. In this work, a photocrosslinkable polyethylene–glycol polyurethane ink is synthesized for light‐assisted 4D printing of smart materials. The molecular weight distribution of the ink monomers is tunable by adjusting the copolymerization reaction time. Digital light processing (DLP) technique is used to program a differential swelling response in the printed constructs after humidity variation. Bioactive microparticles are embedded into the ink and the improvement of biocompatibility of the printed constructs is demonstrated for tissue engineering applications. Cell studies reveal above 90% viability in 1 week and ≈50% biodegradability after 4 weeks. Self‐folding capillary scaffolds, dynamic grippers, and film actuators are made and activated in a humid environment. The approach offers a versatile platform for the fabrication of complex constructs. The ink can be used in tissue engineering and actuator applications, making the ink a promising avenue for future research.
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Research context

BiomaterialsMaterials processing

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Materials and Mechanics · Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials · 3D Printing in Biomedical Research

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Faculty of Engineering Sciences Department of Biofabrication University of Bayreuth Ludwig Thoma Str. 36A 95447 Bayreuth Germany

Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology University Medical Center Göttingen Robert‐Koch‐Str. 40 37075 Göttingen Germany

Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Göttingen 37077 Göttingen Germany

Department of Mechanical Engineering Rowan University 201 Mullica Hill Rd. Glassboro NJ 08028 USA

German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Göttingen Germany

Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC) University of Göttingen 37099 Göttingen Germany

German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) 37099 Göttingen Germany

Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP) Göttingen Germany

Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology 323 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. Newark NJ 07102 USA

Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology 323 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd Newark NJ 07102 USA

Funding

National Institutes of Health · Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft · Fondation Leducq · Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung

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