Toxicity of Single-Walled Carbon Nanohorns
Source abstract
Abstract
We extensively investigated in vitro and in vivo the toxicities of as-grown single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWNHs), a tubular nanocarbon containing no metal impurity. The SWNHs were found to be a nonirritant and a nondermal sensitizer through skin primary and conjunctival irritation tests and skin sensitization test. Negative mutagenic and clastogenic potentials suggest that SWNHs are not carcinogenic. The acute peroral toxicity of SWNHs was found to be quite low--the lethal dosage for rats was more than 2000 mg/kg of body weight. Intratracheal instillation tests revealed that SWNHs rarely damaged rat lung tissue for a 90-day test period, although black pigmentation due to accumulated nanohorns was observed. While further toxicological assessments, including chronic (repeated dose), reproductive, and developmental toxicity studies, are still needed, yet the present results strongly suggest that as-grown SWNHs have low acute toxicities.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Carbon Nanotubes in Composites · Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications · Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
JST/SORST, c/o NEC, 34 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8501, Japan
NEC, 34 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8501, Japan
Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
References (87)
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87. We compared two solutions as agents suitable for dispersing SWNHs in the intratracheal instillation test: 0.25% w/v methyl cellulose (MC, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.)/saline solution and 0.025% w/v Tween 80/saline solution. The latter had less effect on animal health and was thus used in our test. We instilled 0.2 or 0.4 mL/animal of the 0.25% w/v MC/saline or the 0.025% w/v Tween 80/saline solution intratracheally into female rats (BrlHan:WIST@Jcl(GALAS), 7 weeks old, 130–143 g, five/group). The conditions for animal handling and intratracheal instillation were the same as those for the SWNH examination. All animals survived the 2 week test period. Crepitant whistle was observed for all animals in the MC/saline and Tween 80/saline groups. Most of the animals in the MC/saline group recovered within 1 h of the instillation, though two in the high dose group (0.4 mL/animal) suffered a relapse and did not fully recover until 2−5 days after the instillation. Moreover, one of the five animals in the high dose group showed bradypnea at 3 and 4 h after the instillation and a decrease in locomotor activity at 4 h after the instillation; both symptoms were no longer evident the next day. Most of the animals in the Tween 80/saline group recovered within 30 min or 1 h for the low dose group (0.2 mL/animal) or within 1 h for the high dose group. The two animals in the high dose group suffered a relapse, but no clinical signs of abnormalities were observed after the second day. There were no statistical differences in body weight gains or organ (lung and bronchus) weight between the control group (syringed only air at 0.4 mL/animal) and the MC/saline or Tween 80/saline group, and no macroscopic pathosis was found in anatomicopathlogical observations of the animals following euthanasia after the 2 week test period. Histopathological examinations showed an increase in foamy macrophages in the intra-alveolar spaces for two and four animals (degree: ± or +) in the low and high MC/saline dose groups and for one animal each (degree: ±) at both dose levels in the Tween 80/saline groups.