An Investigation of Fastness and Potential Antibacterial Features on Cotton Fabric Colored with Novel Azo Compounds

Novel azo compounds were synthesized by diazotization of aniline and of 3-aminopyridine in the presence of NaNO ₂ and HCl, followed by coupling with 2-methylresorcinol in alkaline media. The structures were characterized using FT-IR, ¹ H NMR, and ¹³ C NMR analysis. The main purpose of the present study is to investigate coloration applications, and antibacterial and fastness properties of the new azo structures in textile industry. Exhaust dyeing processes were applied on cotton fabric. Color strength ( K/ S values), L, a*, and b* values were measured. The color fastness values (to rubbing, light, perspiration, washing) of azo compounds on cotton fabric were presented according to ISO standards for comparison. Antibacterial activity assessment of the colored fabrics was performed according to AATCC 147-2016 test method against two types of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The fabric dyed with 2-methyl-4-[pyridin-3-yldiazenyl]benzene-1,3-diol demonstrated acceptable antibacterial activity against S. aureus.