Exfoliation and Delamination of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene Prepared via Molten Salt Etching Route

MXenes are two-dimensional metal carbides or nitrides that are currently proposed in many applications thanks to their unique attributes including high conductivity and accessible surface. Recently, a synthetic route was proposed to prepare MXenes from the molten salt etching of precursors allowing for the preparation of MXene (denoted as MS-MXenes, for molten salt MXene) with tuned surface termination groups, resulting in improved electrochemical properties. However, further delamination of as-prepared multilayer MS-MXenes still remains a major challenge. Here, we report on the successful exfoliation of MS-Ti3C2Tx via the intercalation of the organic molecule TBAOH (tetrabutylammonium hydroxide), followed by sonication to separate the layers. The treatment time could be adapted to tune the wetting behavior of the MS-Ti3C2Tx. As a result, a self-supported Cl-terminated MXene film could be prepared by filtration. Finally, MS-Ti3C2Tx used as a Li-ion battery anode could achieve a high specific capacity of 225 mAh g–1 at a 1C rate together with an excellent rate capability of 95 mAh g–1 at 167C. These results also show that tuning of the surface chemistry of MXene is of key importance to this field with the likely result being increased electrochemical performance.