Shapeable Fibrous Aerogels of Metal–Organic-Frameworks Templated with Nanocellulose for Rapid and Large-Capacity Adsorption

Conventional metal–organic framework (MOF) powders have periodic micro/mesoporous crystalline architectures tuned by their three-dimensional coordination of metal nodes and organic linkers. To add practical macroscopic shapeability and extrinsic hierarchical porosity, fibrous MOF aerogels were produced by synthesizing MOF crystals on the template of TEMPO-cellulose nanofibrils. Cellulose nanofibrils not only offered extrinsic porosities and mechanical flexibility for the resultant MOF aerogels, but also shifted the balance of nucleation and growth for synthesizing smaller MOF crystals, and further decreased their aggregation possibilities. Thanks to their excellent shapeability, hierarchical porosity up to 99%, and low density below 0.1 g/cm3, these MOF aerogels could make the most of their pores and accessible surface areas for higher adsorption capacity and rapid adsorption kinetics of different molecules, in sharp contrast to conventional MOF powders. Thus, this scalable and low-cost production pathway is able to convert MOF powders into a shapeable and flexible form and thereby extend their applications in more broad fields, for example, adapting a conventional filtration setup.