Mitigating the ecological footprint of alkali-activated calcined clays by waste marble addition
Source abstract
Abstract
Low-CO2, Portland-free cement binders can be produced by reaction of calcined clays in alkaline solutions, although the environmental footprint associated with alkaline activators may represent a point of concern. The amount of alkaline activator, and its embodied CO2, can be reduced by partial replacement of calcined clay with waste marble. Fresh and hardened state properties, as well as compositional and microstructural evolution of alkali-activated blends of calcined clay and waste marble, were investigated by combining experimental methods with thermodynamic modelling. It was shown that substitution of calcined clay with 30% waste marble was beneficial to the workability and mechanical properties of alkali-activated binders and can mitigate drying shrinkage. The physical and chemical role of calcium carbonate and the composition of the reaction products were discussed, along with the role of carbonation reactions occurring by uptake of atmospheric CO2. This approach can contribute to both reducing the CO2 footprint of cement and upcycling potentially hazardous waste from the dimension stone industry.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Concrete and Cement Materials Research · Building materials and conservation · Concrete Properties and Behavior
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (83)
Show source-provided references
1. Circularity Gap Report 2021, Tech. rep., 2021.
2. 2017
3. 2019
4. The anthropocene is functionally and stratigraphically distinct from the holocene10.1126/science.aad2622 ↗
5. C. Montani, XXVIII World Marble and Stones Report, Tech. rep., 2017.
6. Problems of soil and groundwater pollution in the disposal of “marble” slurries in NW Sicily10.1007/s00254-007-1043-9 ↗
7. Promoting ecological sustainable planning for natural stone quarrying. the case of the Orosei Marble Producing Area in Eastern Sardinia10.1016/j.resourpol.2011.07.002 ↗
8. Impact of marble industry effluents on water and sediment quality of Barandu River in Buner District, Pakistan10.1007/s10661-014-4221-8 ↗
9. Utilization of waste marble dust as an additive in cement production10.1016/j.matdes.2010.03.036 ↗
10. Effect of natural pozzolana and marble powder on the properties of self-compacting concrete10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.12.109 ↗
11. Sustainable use of marble slurry in concrete10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.01.053 ↗
12. Effects of marble sludge incorporation on the properties of cement composites and concrete paving blocks10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.07.023 ↗
13. Hydration kinetics and mechanisms of carbonates from stone wastes in ternary blends with calcined clay10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.240 ↗
14. Geopolymer composites for potential applications in cultural heritage10.3390/environments4040091 ↗
15. Alkali-activated calcined smectite clay blended with waste calcium carbonate as a low-carbon binder10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.249 ↗
16. Alkali-activation of marble sludge: Influence of curing conditions and waste glass addition
17. Preparation of calcium sulfoaluminate-belite cement from marble sludge waste10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.103 ↗
18. Alkali-activated materials10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.02.009 ↗
19. Carbonate mineral addition to metakaolin-based geopolymers10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.07.004 ↗
20. The effect of limestone on sodium hydroxide-activated metakaolin-based geopolymers10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.05.022 ↗
21. Properties of metakaolin based geopolymer incorporating calcium carbonate10.1016/j.apt.2017.06.022 ↗
22. Effect of limestone dosages on some properties of geopolymer from thermally activated halloysite10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.058 ↗
23. Alkali activated metakaolin with high limestone contents – Statistical modeling of strength and environmental and cost analyses10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2019.103450 ↗
24. Gel composition and molecular structure of alkali-activated metakaolin-limestone cements10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106211 ↗
25. Design and optimization of alkaline binders of limestone-metakaolin – A comparison of strength, microstructure and sustainability with portland cement and geopolymers10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123118 ↗
26. Assessment of CO2 reduction of alkali-activated concrete10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.08.001 ↗
27. Recent update on the environmental impact of geopolymers10.21809/rilemtechlett.2016.6 ↗
28. Quarry waste management and recovery: first results connected to Carrara marble Ravaneti (Italy)
29. 2012
30. Profex: a graphical user interface for the rietveld refinement program bgmn10.1107/S1600576715014685 ↗
31. Mascarin · 2018
32. Microstructural evolution of mullite during the sintering of kaolin powder compacts10.1016/S0272-8842(00)00009-2 ↗
33. The effect of dehydroxylation/amorphization degree on pozzolanic activity of kaolinite10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00975-4 ↗
34. The origin of the pozzolanic activity of calcined clay minerals: A comparison between kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.09.013 ↗
35. Kinetics and mechanism of three stages of thermal transformation of kaolinite to metakaolinite10.1016/j.powtec.2014.05.047 ↗
36. The detection of quartz in clay minerals by differential thermal analysis10.1016/0040-6031(76)80088-3 ↗
37. Structural thermal behavior of paragonite and its dehydroxylate: a high-temperature single-crystal study10.1007/s002690000085 ↗
38. Thermal differential diagnosis of mica mineral group10.1007/BF01978972 ↗
39. Modified mineral phases during clay ceramic firing10.1346/CCMN.2015.0630506 ↗
40. Characterization and thermal behavior of kaolin10.1007/s10973-011-1385-0 ↗
41. L. Valentini, AMiDsT v1.0 Alkali-activated-materials Mix Design Tool. Documentation, http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18905.47200/1.
42. One-part alkali-activated materials: A review10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.10.001 ↗
43. Assessing the dimensional stability of alkali-activated calcined clays in the fresh state: a time-lapse X-ray imaging approach10.1617/s11527-021-01623-y ↗
44. Strength and drying shrinkage of reactive MgO modified alkali-activated slag paste10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.10.081 ↗
45. Drying shrinkage of alkali-activated cements: effect of humidity and curing temperature10.1617/s11527-019-1430-1 ↗
46. Autogenous and drying shrinkage of alkali-activated slag mortars10.1111/jace.16349 ↗
47. Methods of testing cement
48. Comparison of methods for arresting hydration of cement10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.06.003 ↗
49. Method to stop geopolymer reaction10.1111/jace.13071 ↗
50. GEM-selektor geochemical modeling package: revised algorithm and GEMS3K numerical kernel for coupled simulation codes
51. Modeling dissolution–precipitation kinetics of alkali-activated metakaolin10.1021/acsomega.8b02380 ↗
52. C(N)SH and NASH Gels: Compositions and solubility data at 25 °C and 50 °C
53. Zeolite 4A: heat capacity and thermodynamic properties10.1016/S1293-2558(00)01102-X ↗
54. Zeo19: A thermodynamic database for assessing zeolite stability during the corrosion of nuclear waste immobilization glasses
55. A thermodynamic model for C(N)ASH gel: Cnash_ss. Derivation and validation10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.07.005 ↗
56. Accelerated carbonation testing of alkali-activated binders significantly underestimates service life: The role of pore solution chemistry10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.07.002 ↗
57. Crystal structures of CaNa2(CO3)⋅2.5H2O, synthetic gaylussite, and CaNa2(CO3)⋅2.2H2O, synthetic pirssonite10.1021/ic50080a012 ↗
58. Thoenen · 2014
59. Thermodynamic modelling of phase evolution in alkali-activated slag cements exposed to carbon dioxide10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106158 ↗
60. Thermodynamics of the various high temperature transformations of kaolinite
61. Rheological evaluations of interground and blended cement–limestone suspensions10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.054 ↗
62. A poromechanics model for plastic shrinkage of fresh cementitious materials10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.04.013 ↗
63. A fresh view on limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) pastes10.3390/ma14113037 ↗
64. Fire-resistant geopolymer produced by granulated blast furnace slag10.1016/S0892-6875(03)00008-6 ↗
65. Kinetics of geopolymerization: Role of Al2O3 and SiO210.1016/j.cemconres.2007.01.003 ↗
66. Evolution of binder structure in sodium silicate-activated slag-metakaolin blends10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.09.004 ↗
67. Drying and autogenous shrinkage of pastes and mortars with activated slag cement10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.11.002 ↗
68. RILEM TC 247-DTA round robin test: mix design and reproducibility of compressive strength of alkali-activated concretes10.1617/s11527-019-1396-z ↗
69. Do geopolymers actually contain nanocrystalline zeolites? A reexamination of existing results10.1021/cm050230i ↗
70. Quantification of the extent of reaction of metakaolin-based geopolymers using X-Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04410.x ↗
71. Isothermal calorimetry and in-situ XRD study of the NaOH activated fly ash, metakaolin and slag10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.10.004 ↗
72. Geopolymers and related alkali-activated materials10.1146/annurev-matsci-070813-113515 ↗
73. Compatibility studies between NASH and CASH gels. Study in the ternary diagram Na2OCaOAl2O3 SiO2 H2O10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.05.006 ↗
74. Influence of the calcination temperature on the properties of a mica mineral as a suitability study for the use as SCM10.1016/j.clay.2019.105168 ↗
75. The role of limestone and calcined clay on the rheological properties of LC310.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103516 ↗
76. Scaling behavior of the elastic properties of colloidal gels10.1103/PhysRevA.42.4772 ↗
77. Elasticity and yielding of a calcite paste: scaling laws in a dense colloidal suspension10.1039/C6SM02607A ↗
78. Effect of shrinkage-reducing admixtures on the properties of alkali-activated slag mortars and pastes10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.11.021 ↗
79. On drying shrinkage in alkali-activated concrete: Improving dimensional stability by aging or heat-curing10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.10.003 ↗
80. Deformation of alkali-activated materials at an early age under different curing conditions10.3389/fchem.2021.694454 ↗
81. Phase and morphology evolution of calcium carbonate precipitated by carbonation of hydrated lime10.1007/s10853-012-6535-7 ↗
82. Real-time investigation of reaction rate and mineral phase modifications of lime carbonation10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.036 ↗
83. Phase modification induced drying shrinkage reduction on Na2CO3 activated slag by incorporating Na2SO410.1617/s11527-017-1088-5 ↗