Nanotechnology in Covalent Adaptable Networks: from Nanocomposites to Surface Patterning

Cross-linked polymers with dynamic covalent linkages that can exchange and/or reversibly cleave and reformed in response to external stimuli are known as covalent adaptable networks (CANs). These polymeric materials can be recycled and reprocessed like thermoplastics while retaining excellent mechanical characteristics, thermal stability, and chemical stability of classic thermosets. As a result of their ability to provide the benefits of both thermosets and thermoplastics, CANs have received considerable attention over the past two decades. Nanotechnology has been embodied into CANs in recent years, including nanocomposites and surface patterning. The use of nanotechnology can effectively improve thermal and mechanical properties of CANs, endow CANs with new functions (e.g., electrical properties, photothermal effects, surface properties, and optical behaviors) and enable CANs to be used in smart and functional materials. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief summary of current methods used to construct CANs with the help of nanotechnology and to explain how they work and their improvements over conventional CANs. A brief overview of CANs with various dynamic bonds and features is presented. Then, we will provide a summary of the benefits of integrating nanotechnology in CANs by highlighting its formation methods, functionalities, and applications.