Coupling Enhanced Performance of Triboelectric–Piezoelectric Hybrid Nanogenerator Based on Nanoporous Film of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/BaTiO₃ Composite Electrospun Fibers

Nanogenerators have received much attention due to their potential applications in mechanical energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. Despite the fast development of nanogenerators, improving their performances via effective strategies still remains a great challenge. Herein, we report a ternary coupling effect of a triboelectric–piezoelectric hybrid nanogenerator based on the nanoporous film of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/BaTiO3 composite nanofibers prepared by electrospinning. The transfer charge density of the triboelectric–piezoelectric hybrid nanogenerator in the optimal coupling state is 2.12 times that of the sum value of the pristine nanoporous piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators as references, which can reach up to 105.6 μC m–2. Enhanced performances of the hybrid nanogenerator are attributed to the improved synergistic coupling for triple effects of pore dipole, triboelectricity, and piezoelectricity. Furthermore, the wearable hybrid nanogenerator is demonstrated to be able to harvest biomechanical energy from actions in life. Our findings provide an effective method for developing high-performance nanogenerators.