Dual-Sites Tandem Catalysts for C–N Bond Formation via Electrocatalytic Coupling of CO₂ and Nitrogenous Small Molecules

The electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction (ECR) to fuels and feedstocks driven by renewable energy is a promising approach to alleviate the environmental and energy crisis. Recently, high-performance ECR catalysts for producing simple products has been achieved. However, the producing of chemicals with high industrial significance still remains challenging. Coupling the reduction of CO2 and nitrogenous small molecules (N2, NO2, NH3 etc.) is one potential solution and is currently attracting increased interest. Here, we propose a rational perspective of constructing heterogeneous dual-active site catalysts (DACs) for the C–N coupling in ECR, which could provide isolated dual sites for coupling the C and N intermediates and thus improve the C–N coupling efficiency. In this Perspective, by investigating the possible pathway of C–N coupling reaction in the co-reduction process of CO2 with nitrogenous molecules and the reported strategies for building DACs, we discuss and project the potential strategies and challenges for the in-depth construction of C–N coupling tandem DACs systems. These insights may open up opportunities to develop high-efficiency DACs for diverse coupling electrocatalytic reactions and offer higher economic benefits and broader application prospects of electrocatalysis.