Recycling Critical Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes: Technologies, Challenges, and Perspectives to Sustainable Closed-Loop Systems
Source abstract
Abstract
The rapid increase of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) faces severe challenges. Due to the environmental effects from numerous spent LIBs and the imbalanced supply demand of raw materials, recycling of spent LIBs is urgently needed. However, at present recycling techniques face significant hindrances, such as inefficient metal separation, high energy consumption, and secondary pollution. This review demonstrates a detailed analysis of commercial LIB cathode materials that refers to both merits and limitations from technological and industrial aspects. Moreover, the entire recycling chain is systematically investigated, including pretreatment and mainstream recycling methods, such as pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, bioleaching, and direct regeneration. Meanwhile, optimization pathways for separation techniques are discussed. Finally, a multicriteria framework for evaluating cathode material recycling technologies is developed, which comprises energy consumption, environmental impact, cost, recycling efficiency, and closed-loop duration. It provides insights for optimizing sustainable processes. This review discusses the technology for recycling cathode materials in LIBs and proposes strategies for renewable energy.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Extraction and Separation Processes · Recycling and Waste Management Techniques · Metal Extraction and Bioleaching
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
State Key Laboratory of Green and Efficient Development of Phosphorus Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering
Wuhan Institute of Technology
Funding
Wuhan Institute of Technology · Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province · National Natural Science Foundation of China · Natural Science Foundation of Wuhan Municipality
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