Microstructure and chloride transport of aeolian sand concrete under long-term natural immersion
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract River sand was consumed in large quantities, and alternatives to river sand were urgently needed. There are a large number of natural resources of aeolian sand in western China. Aeolian sand was prepared into aeolian sand concrete (ASC). It can greatly reduce the consumption of river sand and inhibit the process of desertification to protect the environment. ASC is a new type of concrete material prepared by using aeolian sand as fine aggregate. To clarify the chloride ion transport behaviour in the ASC under long-term natural immersion, the aeolian sand was 100% substituted for the river sand to prepare the full ASC with three water–binder ratios. The ASC was naturally immersed in 3 and 6% NaCl solutions for a long time, and nuclear magnetic resonance and microscopic scanning electron microscopy techniques were used. The change rule of chloride ion content at different depths of the ASC was studied, and its microstructure characteristics under different erosion times were analysed. The results showed that the free chloride ion concentration at different depths of the ASC increased with increasing water–binder ratio, immersion time, and chloride concentration. After soaking in the salt solution, the hydration products in the ASC reacted with chloride ions to form Friedel salt, which filled the internal pores and microcracks of the ASC, improved its interface transition zone structure, and increased the compactness of the test piece. The porosity of the three groups of ASC with different water–binder ratios decreased by 0.95, 1.03, and 1.15% after soaking in 6% salt solution for 12 m. To study the diffusion law of chloride ions in ASC, combined with influencing factors such as temperature, humidity, D value, deterioration effect and chloride ion combination, Fick’s second law was modified, and a chloride ion diffusion model of ASC with high accuracy was established, with a fitting correlation number above 0.93, which provided a reference for the research and application of ASC in saline areas.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Concrete and Cement Materials Research · Innovative concrete reinforcement materials · Building materials and conservation
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
College of Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology , Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010 , China
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Safety and Durability , Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010 , China
References (37)
Show source-provided references
1. Wang YH, Chu Q, Han Q. Filling effect of kubuqi aeolian sand on different classifications of river sand. J Build Mater. 2021;24(1):191–8.
2. Chao LI, Xin LI, Chao ZH, Huawei LI. Research progress on application of aeolian sand in concrete. J Mater Sci Eng. 2022;40(4):695–705.
3. Wang Q, Zhang G, Tong Y, Gu C. A numerical study on chloride diffusion in cracked concrete. Crystals. 2021;11(7):742.10.3390/cryst11070742 ↗
4. Dong W, Fu QW, Liu X, Wang D, Wang XS. Migration law of water and chloride ions in aeolian sand concrete. J Drain Irrig Mach Eng. 2022;40(9):908–14.
5. Xue HJ, Shen XD, Wang RY, Liu Q, Liu Z. Mechanism analysis of chloride-resistant erosion of aeolian sand concrete under wind-sand erosion and dry-wet circulation. Trans Chin Soc Agric Eng. 2017;33(18):118–26.
6. Xiong QX, Liu QF, Zhang XJ, Chen C. Chloride diffusion prediction in concrete through mathematical models based on time-dependent diffusion coefficient and surface chloride concentration. J Mater Civ Eng. 2022;34(11):04022309.10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0004429 ↗
7. Nukushina T, Takahashi Y, Ishida T. Numerical simulations of chloride transport in concrete considering connectivity of chloride migration channels in unsaturated pores. J Adv Concr Technol. 2021;19(7):847–63.10.3151/jact.19.847 ↗
8. Cai Y, Liu Q, Meng Z, Chen M, Li W, Šavija B. Influence of coarse aggregate settlement induced by vibration on long-term chloride transport in concrete: a numerical study. Mater Struct. 2022;55(9):235.10.1617/s11527-022-02038-z ↗
9. Cao D, Bouzolin D, Lu H, Griffith DT. Bending and shear improvements in 3D-printed core sandwich composites through modification of resin uptake in the skin/core interphase region. Compos Part B: Eng. 2023;264:110912.10.1016/j.compositesb.2023.110912 ↗
10. Cao D. Enhanced buckling strength of the thin-walled continuous carbon fiber–reinforced thermoplastic composite through dual coaxial nozzles material extrusion process. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2023;128(3–4):1305–15.10.1007/s00170-023-12014-8 ↗
11. Cao D. Strengthening the interphase of thermoplastic sandwich composites by interleaving carbon nanotube yarns. Mater Today Commun. 2023;36:106655.10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.106655 ↗
12. Gao S, Guo J, Gong Y, Ban S, Liu A. Study on the penetration and diffusion of chloride ions in interface transition zone of recycled concrete prepared by modified recycled coarse aggregates. Case Stud Constr Mater. 2022;16:e01034.10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01034 ↗
13. Xia J, Chen K, Hu S, Chen J, Wu R, Jin W. Experimental and numerical study on the microstructure and chloride ion transport behavior of concrete-to-concrete interface. Constr Build Mater. 2023;367:130317.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.130317 ↗
14. Tian Y, Jin HD, Tian ZS, Jin XY, Yu W. 3D mesoscopic model for chloride transport in concrete. J Build Mater. 2020;23(2):286–91.
15. Chen XD, Yu AP, Liu GY, Huang D, Yu XF. Meso-numerical simulation of service life prediction for marine structures. J Build Mater. 2019;22(6):894–900.
16. Zhou SX, Han Z, Wei X, Wei YQ, Yu LH. Influence of aggregate contents and volume of interfacial transition zone on chloride ion diffusion properties of concrete. J Build Mater. 2018;21(3):351–7.
17. Ding Y, Yang TL, Liu H, Han Z, Zhou SX, Wang ZP, et al. Experimental study and simulation calculation of the chloride resistance of concrete under multiple factors. Appl Sci. 2021;11(12):5322.10.3390/app11125322 ↗
18. Qiao HX, Qiao GB, Lu CG. Simulation and velocity analysis of chloride ion transport in concrete. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technol (Nat Sci Ed). 2022;50(2):19–25.
19. Zhang Y, Giovnni LD, Mohammed A. Coupled multi-physics simulation of chloride diffusion in saturated and unsaturated concrete. Constr Build Mater. 2021;292:123394.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123394 ↗
20. Liu Z, Wang Y, Wang J, Liu C, Jiang J, Li H. Experiment and simulation of chloride ion transport and binding in concrete under the coupling of diffusion and convection. J Build Eng. 2022;45:103610.10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103610 ↗
21. Liu JL, Wang Y. Predicting the chloride diffusion in concrete incorporating fly ash by a multi-scale model. J Clean Prod. 2022;330:129767.10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129767 ↗
22. Zhang JH, Liu YH, Shi ZM. Diffusion property of chloride in cracked concrete. J Build Mater. 2018;21(2):299–303.
23. Ma C, Zhang F, Liu H, Wang H, Hu J. Experimental study of the effects of graphene nanoplatelets on microstructure and compressive properties of concrete under chloride ion corrosion. Constr Build Mater. 2022;360:129564.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129564 ↗
24. Yu K, Liu Y, Jia M, Wang C, Yang Y. Thermal energy storage cement mortar containing encapsulated hydrated salt/fly ash cenosphere phase change material: Thermo-mechanical properties and energy saving analysis. J Energy Storage. 2022;51:104388.10.1016/j.est.2022.104388 ↗
25. Yu K, Jia M, Yang Y, Liu Y. A clean strategy of concrete curing in cold climate: Solar thermal energy storage based on phase change material. Appl Energy. 2023;331:120375.10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120375 ↗
26. Hyun KS, Ha YK, Sang HL. Convolutional neural network-based regression for predicting the chloride ion diffusion coefficient of concrete. Comput Mater Continua. 2022;3(70):5059–71.10.32604/cmc.2022.017262 ↗
27. Yang L, Zhang YS, Andrade C, Zhang CX. Study on the correlation between chloride ion transportation and pH distribution in unsaturated mortar. Mater Rep. 2021;35(18):18064–8.
28. Lian S, Ruan S, Zhan S, Unluer C, Meng T, Qian K. Unlocking the role of pores in chloride permeability of recycled concrete: A multiscale and a statistical investigation. Cem Concr Compos. 2022;125:104320.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.104320 ↗
29. Chen Q, Gong W, Miao JJ. Corrosion extents of steel bar in copper slag concrete after exposure to high temperature under chloride attack. Acta Materiae Compositae Sin. 2022;39(6):2875–84.
30. Bazant ZP, Najiar LJ. Nonlinear water diffusion in nonsaturated concrete. Mater & Struct. 1972;5(25):3–20.10.1007/BF02479073 ↗
31. Thomas M, Bamforth PB. Modelling chloride diffusion in concrete effect of fly ash and slag. Cem Concr Res. 1999;29(4):487–95.10.1016/S0008-8846(98)00192-6 ↗
32. Yu HF, Sun W, Ma HY, Yan LH. Diffusion equations of chloride ion in concrete under the combined action of durability factors. J Build Mater. 2002;3:240–7.
33. Tang L, Gulikers J. On the mathematics of time-dependent apparent chloride diffusion coefficient in concrete. Cem Concr Res. 2007;37(4):589–95.10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.01.006 ↗
34. Mohammed UT, Hamada H. Relationship between free chloride and total chloride contents in concrete. Cem Concr Res. 2003;33(9):1487–90.10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00065-6 ↗
35. Zhou M, Dong W. Grey relativity correlations between the pore structures and compressive strength of aeolian sand concrete undergoing carbonation and freeze-thaw cycles. J Build Eng. 2023;77:107515.10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107515 ↗
36. Zhou M, Dong W. Grey correlation analysis of macro-and micro-scale properties of aeolian sand concrete under the salt freezing effect. Structures. Vol. 58, Elsevier; 2023. p. 105551.10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105551 ↗
37. Li Y, Zhang H, Chen S, Wang H, Liu G. Multi-scale study on the durability degradation mechanism of aeolian sand concrete under freeze–thaw conditions. Constr Build Mater. 2022;340:127433.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127433 ↗