Design and testing of a smart rubber stave for marine water-lubricated bearings
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract The water-lubricated bearing is mainly installed at the stern of the ship to support the rotation of the main shaft of the ship, which is an important component of the ship’s power plant. The rubber stave of the water-lubricated bearing acts as an elastic body, which can effectively suppress the rotational vibration of the rotating shaft and improve the shaft alignment effect. To monitor the operational status of the water-lubricated bearing at the stern of a ship, a design method of smart rubber stave for water-lubricated bearings is proposed in this article. According to the structure of the rubber stave, the packaging and protection form of the optical fiber, the forming process of the rubber stave, and the mechanical analysis were carried out to determine the distribution design principle of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in the rubber stave. Then, FBGs were packaged, protected, and implanted with an uneven distribution into the rubber stave to achieve force sensing in the bearing. With reference to the force state of the water-lubricated bearing during shipbuilding and ship operation, various types of condition monitoring tests were conducted on the smart rubber stave using an elastomer testing machine, which were to analyze the effects of load sizes, frequencies, and ambient temperatures. The tests showed that the FBGs in the rubber stave could monitor the static and dynamic loads of the bearing under the seawater environment or inland water environment below 30°C. This method can be used for the smart designing and online load condition monitoring of water-lubricated bearings.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Tribology and Lubrication Engineering · Engineering Structural Analysis Methods · Magnetic Bearings and Levitation Dynamics
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Institute of Noise & Vibration, Naval University of Engineering , Wuhan , China
National Key Lab on Ship Vibration & Noise , Wuhan , China
Wuhan Institute of Shipbuilding Technology , Wuhan , China
References (21)
Show source-provided references
1. Orndorff RL, Jr. Water-lubricated rubber bearings, history and new developments. Nav Eng J. 1985 Nov;97(7):39–52.10.1111/j.1559-3584.1985.tb01877.x ↗
2. Litwin W. Properties comparison of rubber and three layer PTFE-NBR-bronze water lubricated bearings with lubricating grooves along entire bush circumference based on experimental tests. Tribol Int. 2015 Oct;90:404–11.10.1016/j.triboint.2015.03.039 ↗
3. Zhou Y, Liao J, Li JB, Liu F. Effect analysis of water-lubricated bearing structure parameters on frictional noise. J Chongqing Univ. 2015;38:15–20 (Chinese).
4. CCS. Guidelines for vibration control on ships. Beijing: People’s Communications Press; 2012. p. 96–9 (Chinese).
5. Orndorff RL, Jr. New UHMWPE/rubber bearing alloy. J Tribol. 2000 Jan;122(1):367–73.10.1115/1.555361 ↗
6. Wodtke M, Litwin W. Water-lubricated stern tube bearing-experimental and theoretical investigations of thermal effects. Tribol Int. 2021;153:106608.10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106608 ↗
7. Wang N, Meng QF. Research on doppler effect in wireless monitoring on rotating machinery. J Vibr Meas Diagnosis. 2016 Aug;36(4):751–814 (Chinese).
8. Lee JU. Application of strain gauge method for investigating influence of ship shaft movement by hydrodynamic propeller forces on shaft alignment. Measurement. 2018 Jun;121:261–75.10.1016/j.measurement.2018.02.067 ↗
9. Han HS, Lee KH. Experimental verification of the mechanism on stick-slip nonlinear friction induced vibration and its evaluation method in water-lubricated stern tube bearing. Ocean Eng. 2019;182:147–61.10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.04.078 ↗
10. Hariri H, Kim J, Kim WS, Frechette LG, Masson P. Performance validation of printed strain sensors for active control of intelligent tires. Appl Acoust. 2017 Aug;123:73–84.10.1016/j.apacoust.2017.03.011 ↗
11. Matsuzaki R, Keating T, Todoroki A, Hiraoka N. Rubber-based strain sensor fabricated using photolithography for intelligent tires. Sens Actuator A. 2008 Nov 4;148(1):1–9.10.1016/j.sna.2008.08.001 ↗
12. Zhao WJ, Zhang C, Zhang J. Continuous measurement of tire deformation using long-gauge strain sensors. Mech Syst Signal Process. 2020 Aug;142:106782.10.1016/j.ymssp.2020.106782 ↗
13. Roveri N, Pepe G, Carcaterra A. A new technology for tire monitoring: evidence of contact patch phenomena. Mech Syst Signal Process. 2016 Jan;66–67:793–810.10.1016/j.ymssp.2015.06.019 ↗
14. Zeng JY, Zhu JL, Cai JG, Liu WB. Fiber bragg grating sensor monitoring system for temperature and vibration measurement of train bearing. Chinese patent CN110726492A. 2020 Jan 24 (Chinese).
15. Reedman A. Bearing monitoring using a fiber Bragg grating. United States patent US009103733B2. 2015 Aug 11.
16. Wang XN, et al. Method and equipment for manufacturing optical fiber composite insulator. Chinese patent CN102412036A. 2012 Apr 11 (Chinese).
17. Jiang DS, Claus RO. Smart materials devices structure and their applications. Wuhan: Wuhan University of Technology Press; 2000. p. 3–5 (Chinese).
18. Lin HJ, Li HX, Shao GR, Ye Y, Yang YX. Zero-point fault detection of load cells in truck scale based on recursive principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation method. Measurement. 2020;159:107706.10.1016/j.measurement.2020.107706 ↗
19. Fang ZJ, Qin GG, Qu RH, Cai HW. Fundamentals of optical fiber sensors. Beijing: Science Press; 2014. p. 199–200 (Chinese).
20. Shen W, Wang XX, Xu L, Zhao YJ. Strain transferring mechanism analysis of the substrate-bonded FBG sensor. Optik. 2018 Feb;154:441–52.10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.10.097 ↗
21. Li DS, Li HN. Strain transferring analysis of embedded fiber Bragg grating sensors. Chin J Theor Appl Mech. 2005 Jul;37(4):435–41 (Chinese).