Magnetic method for estimating uniaxial compressive and tensile elastic stresses

1. Nakhimov, D.M., Internal Stresses, Cracks, and Deformations in Steel during Thermal Treatment, in Metallovedenie i termicheskaya obrabotka (Metal Science and Thermal Treatment), Bernshtein, L.M. and Rakhshtadt, A.G., Eds., Moscow: Metallurgizdat, 1962, vol. 2, pp. 805–817.

2. Abuku, S., Magnetic Studies of Residual Stress in Iron and Steel Induced by Uniaxial Deformation, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 1977, no. 7, pp. 1161–1170.10.1143/JJAP.16.1161 ↗

3. Polanschütz, W., Eine Madnetinductive Methode zur Erfassung Diskontinuierlicher Spannungsanderungen Wahrend Mechanischer Beanspruchung Ferromagnetischer Metalle. Teil I. Grundlagen, Materialprufung, 1978, vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 446–449.

4. Polanschütz, W. and Tomberger, G., Eine Madnetinductive Methode zur Erfassung Diskontinuierlicher Spannungsänderungen Während Mechanischer Beanspruchung Ferromagnetischer Metalle. Teil I. Anwendungen bei Werkstoffprufung, Materialprüfung, 1979, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 37–40.

5. Korzunin, G.S. and Uvarova, M.P., Determination of Internal Stresses in Hot-Rolled Transformer Steel Plates, Defektoskopiya, 1969, no. 4, pp. 131–140.

6. Chernashkin, V.G. and Galyamin, A.I., Experimental Studies of Stresses in Compressed Rods Using an Electromagnetic Gage, in Issled. metodov svarki. Protsessy montazha rezervuarov (Studies of Welding Techniques. Processes of Assembly of Reservoirs), Moscow, 1979, pp. 130–137.

7. Orechov, G.T., Magnetelastischen Verfahren zur Eigenspannenmessung. Feingerätetechnik, 1980, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 296–298.

8. Chaplygin, V.I., Bezotosnyi, V.F., and Shamin, P.A., The Device for Testing Concentrations of Mechanical Stresses in Ferromagnetic Materials, Zavod. Lab., 1978, no. 44.

9. Goebbels, K., Höller, P., and Theinrer, W.A., Zerstörungsfreie Analyse des Gefilge- und Spannungszustandes Metallischer Werkstoffe mit Ultraschall- und Magnetischen Verfahren, FhG-Ber, 1979, no. 4, pp. 39–45.

10. Musikhin, S.A., Novikov, V.F., and Borisenko, V.N., The Application of the Coercive Force as an Indicative Parameter during Nondestructive Testing of Mechanical Stresses, Defektoskopiya, 1987, no. 9, pp. 57–60.

11. Bida, G.V., Magnetic Properties of a Body as Nondestructive Testing Parameters of Tempering Quality of Quenched Steels (a Review), Rus.J.Nondestr.Test., 2002, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 412–424.10.1023/A:1022122809006 ↗

12. Bida, G.V., Gorkunov, E.S., and Shevnin, V.M., Magnitnyi kontrol’ mekhanicheskikh svoistv prokata (Mechanical Testing of Mechanical Properties of Rolled Stock), Yekaterinburg: Ural. Otd. Ross. Akad. Nauk, 2002.

13. Bida, G.V. and Nichipuruk, A.P., Magnitnye svoistva termoobrabotannykh stalei (Magnetic Properties of Thermally Treated Steels), Yekaterinburg: Ural. Otd. Ross. Akad. Nauk, 2005.

14. Bida, G.V., Magnitnye svoistva termouprochnennykh stalei i nerazrushayushchii kontrol’ ikh kachestva (Magnetic Properties of Thermally Hardened Steels and Nondestructive Testing of Their Quality), Moscow: Marshrut, 2006.

15. Bida, G.V., Issledovanie strukturnoi chuvstvitel’nosti relaksatsionnykh magnitnykh svoistv ferromagnetikov. Dep. no. 3717. V-90 (Investigation of Structural Sensitivity of Relaxation Magnetic Properties of Ferromagnetics), Moscow: VINITI, 1990.

16. Bida, G.V., Tsar’kova, T.P., and Sazhina, E.Yu., The Effect of Structural Changes during Hardening and Tempering on Relaxation Magnetization and Magnetic Susceptibility, Defektoskopiya, 1995, no. 2, pp. 72–81.

17. Bida, G.V. and Sazhina, E.Yu., The Effect of Cold Plastic Deformation and Subsequent Annealing on the Magnetic Properties of Metals with Different Initial Structures, Rus. J. Nondesrt. Test., 2004, vol. 40, no. 9, pp. 611–619.10.1007/s11181-005-0086-9 ↗

18. Bida, G.V. and Kuleev, V.G., The Effect of Elastic Deformation on Magnetic Properties of Steels with Different Structures, Defektoskopiya, 1998, no. 11, pp. 12–26.

19. Kersten, M., über die Bedeutung der Versetzungsdichte Für die Theorie der Koerzitivkraft Rekristallisierter Werkstoffe, Zs. F. Angev. Phys, 1956, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 497–502.

20. Kroupa, F. and Malek, Z., Der Einfluss der Plastischen Verformung Durch Kaltwalzen auf die Koerzitivkraft, Czechosl. Journ. Phys, 1959, no. 9, pp. 627–637.10.1007/BF01556953 ↗

21. Wolf, W., Untersuchungen Der Versetzungsanordnung Wechsel-Und Zugver-Formter Nickel-Einkristalle Mit Hilfe Magnetischer Methoden, Cand. Doctoral Dissertation, Stuttgart, 1980.

22. Träuble, H., Magnetisirungskurve und Magnetische Hysterese Ferromagnetischer Einkristalle. In: Moderne Probleme der Metallphysik, Seeger, A., Ed., Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer, 1996, pp. 157–475.

23. Kneller, E. and Schmelzer, C., Koerzitivkraft von Nickel und Eisen-Nickel-Legirungen bei Plastischer Verformung, Zs. f. Metallkunde, 1960, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 342–349.

24. Vonsovskii, S.V. and Shur, Ya.S., Ferromagnetizm (Ferromagnetism), Moscow-Leningrad: OGIZ, 1948.

25. Brown, W.F., Irreversible Magnetic Effects of Stress, Phys. Rev., 1949, vol. 75, pp. 147–154.10.1103/PhysRev.75.147 ↗

26. Kuleev, V.G. and Gorkunov, E.S., The Mechanism of the Effect of Internal and External Stresses on the Coercive Force of Ferromagnetic Steels, Defektoskopiya, 1997, no. 11, pp. 3–18.

27. Kittel’, Ch. and Galt, Ya., The Theory of Ferromagnetic Regions (Domains), in Magnitnaya struktura ferromagnetikov (Magnetic Structure of Ferromagnets), Vonsovskii, S.V., Ed., Moscow: IIL, 1959, pp. 459–506.

28. Nichipuruk, A.P., Gorkunov, E.S., Kuleev, V.G., and Charikova, N.I., The Effect of Structural Variations during Tempering on Reversible Processes of Magnetization in Structural Steels, Defektoskopiya, 1990, no. 8, pp. 68–75.

29. Shanaurin, A.M., Veksler, A.Z., Nichipuruk, A.P., Bida, G.V., and Vatolin, S.M., CM-401 Magnetic Structuroscope, Rus. J. Nondestr. Test., 2002, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 431–437.10.1023/A:1022126909914 ↗