Evaluation of the Nonuniformity of Acoustic and Elastic Properties of Compression Coil Springs
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract The paper is devoted to the investigation of the acoustic and elastic properties of automotive and railway springs manufactured by cold coiling and high-temperature machining, respectively. The mirror-shadow multiple reflection method, based on measuring the velocities of longitudinal and transverse waves propagating along the rod diameter of the spring, is used to evaluate the nonuniformity of acoustic properties. Specially designed pass-through electromagnetic–acoustic transducers of transverse waves of axial polarization and transducers of longitudinal waves on the basis of flexible piezoelectric film of polyvinylidene fluoride provide multiple reflection of volume waves along the cross section of the coiled coil of the spring. The elasticity, shear moduli, and Poisson’s ratio are calculated based on the results of wave velocity measurements. It was established that the nonuniformity of acoustic and elastic properties along the length of the bar differs for automotive and railway springs. A linear variation of acoustic and elastic properties along the length of the coiled wire was observed in the railway spring (from one end to the other), caused by the technology of high-temperature mechanical processing. In the barrel-shaped automotive spring, a nonlinear variation occurs along the length of the coiled wire, correlating with the coil diameter and the formation of residual stresses.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Geotechnical and Geomechanical Engineering · Industrial Engineering and Technologies · Granular flow and fluidized beds
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (28)
Show source-provided references
1. Gupalov, B.A., Improving the quality of manufacturing locomotive body frames, Vestn. Izhevsk. Gos. Tekh. Univ. im. M.T. Kalashnikova, 2022, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 62–76. https://doi.org/10.22213/2413-1172-2022-1-62-7610.22213/2413-1172-2022-1-62-76 ↗
2. Dement’ev, V.B., Lomaeva, T.V., and Solov’ev, S.D., Vysokotemperaturnaya termomekhanicheskaya obrabotka v tekhnologii proizvodstva vintovykh pruzhin. (High-Temperature Thermomechanical Treatment in the Technology of Manufacturing Helical Springs), Izhevsk: Izd. Izhevsk. Gos. Tekh. Univ. im. M.T. Kalashnikova, 2022.
3. Grigor’ev, V.M., Makienko, V.M., and Sokolov, P.V., Analysis of the springs destruction of the passenger carriage, Transp. Aziatsko-Tikhookeanskogo Reg., 2015, no. 1 (2–3), pp. 94–97.
4. Bergh, F., Silva, G.C., Silva, C., and Paiva, P., Analysis of an automotive coil spring fracture, Eng. Fail. Anal., 2021, vol. 129, p. 105679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.10567910.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105679 ↗
5. Kumbhalkar, M.A., Bhope, D.V., and Chaoji, P.P., Investigation for failure response of suspension spring of railway vehicle: A categorical literature review, J. Fail. Anal. Prev., 2020, vol. 20, pp. 1130–1142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-020-00918-610.1007/s11668-020-00918-6 ↗
6. Azhar Husaini and Teuku, E.P., Stress analysis on an automotive coil spring due to speed effect, Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Exp. Comput. Mech. Eng. (ICECME 2021) (Banda Aceh, 2023), pp. 148–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3629-6_1610.1007/978-981-19-3629-6_16 ↗
7. Shevchenko, D.V., Rudakova, E.A., and Orlova, A.M., Approaches to assessing the stress-strain state of freight car spring suspension coils, Izv. Peterb. Univ. Putei Soobshch., 2020, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 221–232. https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588X-2020-2-221-23210.20295/1815-588X-2020-2-221-232 ↗
8. Sun, H. and Danilov, V.L., Analysis of residual stresses in helical cylindrical springs at high temperature, Nauka Obraz. Nauch. Izd. MGTU im. N.E. Baumana, 2015, no. 6, pp. 384–396. https://doi.org/10.7463/0615.077861710.7463/0615.0778617 ↗
9. Kobelev, V., Elastic-plastic work-hardening deformation under combined bending and torsion and residual stresses in helical springs, Int. J. Mater. Form., 2010, vol. 3, suppl. 1, pp. 869–881. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12289-010-0908-810.1007/s12289-010-0908-8 ↗
10. Chin, C.H., Abdullah, S., and Singh, S.S.K., Probabilistic-based fatigue reliability assessment of carbon steel coil spring from random strain loading excitation, J. Mech. Sci. Technol., 2022, vol. 36, pp. 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-1209-510.1007/s12206-021-1209-5 ↗
11. Kong, Y.S., Shahrum, A., Dieter, S., Mohd, Z.O., and Sallehuddin, M.H., Evaluation of energy-based model generated strain signals for carbon steel spring fatigue life assessment, Metals, 2019, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 213. https://doi.org/10.3390/met902021310.3390/met9020213 ↗
12. Hattori, C.S., Couto, A.A., Vatavuk, J., de Lima, N.B., and Reis, D.A.P., Evaluation of fatigue behavior of SAE 9254 steel suspension springs manufactured by two different processes: Hot and cold winding, Exp. Numer. Investig. Adv. Mater. Struct., 2013, vol. 41, pp. 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00506-5_510.1007/978-3-319-00506-5_5 ↗
13. Ostash, O.P., Chepil’, R.V., and Markashova, L.I., Influence of the modes of heat treatment on the durability of springs made of 65G steel, Mater. Sci., 2018, vol. 53, pp. 684–690. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11003-018-0124-010.1007/s11003-018-0124-0 ↗
14. Mocilnik, V., Gubeljak, N., Predan, J., and Flasker, J., The influence of constant axial compression prestress on the fatigue failure of torsion loaded tube springs, Eng. Fract. Mech., 2010, vol. 77, pp. 3132–3142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.07.01410.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.07.014 ↗
15. Kozlov, M.V., Petrov, A.A., and Levchuk, T.V., Study of metrological characteristics of the vortex method of nondestrousing control of the car park, Innovatsii Invest., 2021, no. 6, pp. 143–146
16. Fukuoka, K. and Hasegawa, R., Flaw detection for microcrack in spring steel and estimation of crack shape with eddy current testing, Int. J. Appl. Electromagn. Mech., 2018, vol. 59, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAE-171110.3233/JAE-1711 ↗
17. Aravanis, T.C., Sakellariou, J., and Fassois, S., A stochastic functional model based method for random vibration-based robust fault detection under variable non-measurable operating conditions with application to railway vehicle suspensions, J. Sound Vib., 2019, vol. 466, p. 115006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2019.11500610.1016/j.jsv.2019.115006 ↗
18. Li, C., Luo, S., Cole, C., and Spiryagin, M., Bolster spring fault detection strategy for heavy haul wagons, Veh. Syst. Dyn., 2018, vol. 56, pp. 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2017.142309010.1080/00423114.2017.1423090 ↗
19. Bespalov, D.A., Silaev, M.Yu., Voroshilin, V.V., and Remshev, E.Yu., Estimation of parameters of quality of spiral springs made of steel 65c2ba acoustic methods, Metalloobrabotka, 2014, no. 3 (81), pp. 51–54.
20. Murav’ev, V.V., Murav’eva, O.V., and Strizhak, V.A., An analysis of the comparative reliability of acoustic testing methods of bar stock from spring steels, Defectoskopiya, 2014, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 3–12.
21. Strizhak, V.A., Khasanov, R.R., Khomutov, A.S., Torkhov, K.A., and Pushin, P.N., Waveguide Acoustic Control of Pipes – Billets of Deep Rod Pumps, Vestn. Izhevsk. Gos. Tekh. Univ. im. M.T. Kalashnikova, 2024, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 86–100. https://doi.org/10.22213/2413-1172-2024-3-86-10010.22213/2413-1172-2024-3-86-100 ↗
22. Murav’ev, V.V., Murav’eva, O.V., and Vladykin, A.L., Acoustic and electromagnetic properties of maraging iron–chromium–nickel alloy with addition of copper in mechanical tension, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2023, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 515–523. https://doi.org/10.1134/s106183092370036510.1134/s1061830923700365 ↗
23. Murav’ev, V.V., Murav’eva, O.V., and Vagapov, T.R., Acoustic and electromagnetic properties of civilian gun blanks, Intellekt. Sist. Proizv., 2023, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 59–70. https://doi.org/10.22213/2410-9304-2023-1-59-7010.22213/2410-9304-2023-1-59-70 ↗
24. Muravieva, O.V., Muraviev, V.V., Volkova, L.V., Vladykin, A.L., and Belosludtsev, K.Yu., Acoustic properties of 15-5 PH maraging steel after energy deposition, Front. Mater. Technol., 2024, vol. 2, pp. 87–100. https://doi.org/10.18323/2782-4039-2024-2-68-810.18323/2782-4039-2024-2-68-8 ↗
25. Murav’eva, O.V., Brester, A.F., and Vladykin, A.L., Regularities of the field focus of the through-type electromagnetic acoustic transducer of transverse waves, Kontrol’ Diagn., 2023, vol. 26, no. 9 (303), pp. 27–41. https://doi.org/10.14489/td.2023.09.pp.027-04110.14489/td.2023.09.pp.027-041 ↗
26. Strizhak, V.A., Pryakhin, A.V., Khasanov, R.R., and Efremov, A.B., Hardware-software complex for rods control by mirror-shadow method using multiple reflections, Journal of Instrument Engineering, 2017, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 565–571.10.17586/0021-3454-2017-60-6-565-571 ↗
27. Grishchenko, A.I., Modestov, V.S., Polyanskii, V.A., Tretyakov, D.A., and Shtukin, L.V., Experimental investigation of the acoustic anisotropy field in the sample with a stress concentrator, Mekhanika, 2017, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 121–129. https://doi.org/10.18721/JPM.1011210.18721/JPM.10112 ↗
28. Murav’ev, V.V., Zuev, L.B., and Komarov, K.L., Skorost’ zvuka i struktura staley i splavov (Speed of Sound and Structure of Steels and Alloys), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1996.