Analysis of the Requirements for Metrological Support of Methods and Means of Ultrasound Control
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Establishing requirements for acoustic measurements and calibration blocks and monitoring their implementation during production and certification is an important task. In this paper, the parameters affecting the propagation velocity of elastic waves in steel are considered, and their contribution to the total uncertainty of measuring the propagation velocity of a longitudinal wave is determined. Based on the data obtained, an analysis of the standards devoted to ultrasonic testing methods was carried out in terms of the requirements for calibration blocks. The conducted research allowed us to establish that the requirements imposed by the current standards do not sufficiently take into account a number of factors that may affect the characteristics of ultrasound measures and reference samples. Standard samples made without taking these factors into account are unlikely to adequately assess the metrological characteristics of ultrasound equipment.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Engineering and Environmental Studies · Engineering Technology and Methodologies · Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (72)
Show source-provided references
1. Grigorev, E. and Nosov, V., Improving quality control methods to test strengthening technologies: A multilevel model of acoustic pulse flow, Appl. Sci., 2022, vol. 12, no. 9, p. 4549. https://doi.org/10.3390/app1209454910.3390/app12094549 ↗
2. Fedorov, V.V., On the metrological status of reference specimens for ultrasonic nondestructive testing, Nerazr. Kontr. Diagn., 2011, no. 3.
3. Gogolinsky, K.V. and Syas’ko, V.A., Current state and problems of legislative regulation, metrological support and standardization in nondestructive testing, Zakonodatel’naya Prikl. Metrol., 2019, no. 4, pp. 15–21.
4. JCGM 200:2012 International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology.
5. GOST (State Standard) ISO Guide 33-2019. Reference materials. Good practice for using certified reference materials, 2020.
6. Gonchar, A., Solovyov, A., and Klyushnikov, V., Ultrasonic study of longitudinal critically refracted and bulk waves of the heat-affected zone of a low-carbon steel welded joint under fatigue, Acoustics, 2024, no. 6, pp. 593–609. https://doi.org/10.3390/acoustics603003210.3390/acoustics6030032 ↗
7. Mogil’ner, L.Y., Syas’ko, V.A., and Shikhov, A.I., Modeling Defects in Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing: State-of-the-Art and Prospects, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2024, vol. 60, pp. 481–500. https://doi.org/10.1134/S106183092470065710.1134/S1061830924700657 ↗
8. Chassignole, B., El Guerjouma, R., Ploix, M.-A., and Fouquet, T., Ultrasonic and structural characterization of anisotropic austenitic stainless steel welds: Towards a higher reliability in ultrasonic non-destructive testing, NDT & E Int., 2010, vol. 43, p. 273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2009.12.00510.1016/j.ndteint.2009.12.005 ↗
9. Noritaka, Y., Mohammadjavad, F., Ryouji, S., Takashi, F., and Masayuki, T., High frequency ultrasonic inspection of the bonded interface between a divertor monoblock and a cooling pipe, Fusion Eng. Des., 2023, p. 187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2022.11336710.1016/j.fusengdes.2022.113367 ↗
10. Popov, G., Bolobov, V., Zhuikov, I., and Zlotin, V., Development of the kinetic equation of the groove corrosion process for predicting the residual life of oil-field pipelines, Energies, 2023, vol. 16, p. 7067. https://doi.org/10.3390/en1620706710.3390/en16207067 ↗
11. Romanko, A.A., Measures of ultrasonic nondestructive testing: Regulation of technical requirements, Izmer. Tekhn., 2023, no. 3, p. 55. https://doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2023-3-55-6010.32446/0368-1025it.2023-3-55-60 ↗
12. Federal Information Fund for Ensuring Measurement Uniformity, URL: https://fgis.gost.ru/fundmetrology/registry/4/items/1382458 (accessed July 5, 2023).
13. RD-50-407-83. Methodological guidelines. Main parameters of angle beam transducers for ultrasonic testing of welded joints at frequencies 1.25-5 MHz with wedge angles 30-55°. Measurement procedure, Moscow: Standards Publ., 1983.
14. GOST (State Standard) 26266-90. Nondestructive testing. Ultrasonic transducers. General technical requirements, Moscow: Standartinform, 2010.
15. GOST (State Standard) 18576-96. Nondestructive testing. Railway rails. Ultrasonic methods, Minsk: Standards Publ., 2001.
16. GOST (State Standard) R 55724-2013. Nondestructive testing. Welded joints. Ultrasonic methods, Moscow: Standartinform, 2014.
17. Liu, W. and Lian, J., Microstructure effects on the plastic anisotropy of a fine-structured dual-phase steel, Procedia Manuf., 2020, vol. 47, p. 1552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.04.34910.1016/j.promfg.2020.04.349 ↗
18. Bolobov, V.I., Il’nur, U.L., Zhukov, V.S., and Popov, G.G., Using the magnetic anisotropy method to determine hydrogenated sections of a steel pipeline, Energies, vol. 16, p. 5585. https://doi.org/10.3390/en1615558510.3390/en16155585 ↗
19. Konchus, D.A., Pryakhin, E.I., and Sivenkov, A.V., Structural variations on the surface of metallic products at laser marking, CIS Iron Steel Rev., 2021, pp. 96–101. https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.1810.17580/cisisr.2021.02.18 ↗
20. Alekseev, V.I., Barakhtin, B.K., and Zhukov, A.S., Chemical heterogeneity as a factor of improving the strength of steels manufactured by selective laser melting technology, J. Min. Inst., 2020, vol. 242, p. 191. https://doi.org/10.31897/PMI.2020.2.19110.31897/PMI.2020.2.191 ↗
21. Volokitina, I., Fediuk, R., Siziakova, E.V., and Kolesnikov, A., Development of a thermomechanical treatment mode for stainless-steel rings, Materials, no. 15, p. 4930. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1514493010.3390/ma15144930 ↗
22. Gromyka, D.S. and Gogolinskiy, K.V., Introduction of evaluation procedure of excavator bucket teeth into maintenance and repair, MIAB. Min. Inf. Anal. Bull., 2023, no. 8, pp. 94–111. https://doi.org/10.25018/0236_1493_2023_8_0_9410.25018/0236_1493_2023_8_0_94 ↗
23. Kok, Y., Tan, X.P., Wang, P., Nai, M.L.S., Loh, N.H., Liu, E., and Tor, S.B., Anisotropy and heterogeneity of microstructure and mechanical properties in metal additive manufacturing: A critical review, Mater. Des., 2018, vol. 139, p. 565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.11.02110.1016/j.matdes.2017.11.021 ↗
24. Pryakhin, E.I. and Sharapova, D.M., Understanding the structure and properties of the heat affected zone in welds and model specimens of high-strength low-alloy steels after simulated heat cycles, CIS Iron Steel Rev., 2020, vol. 19, pp. 60–65. https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2020.01.1210.17580/cisisr.2020.01.12 ↗
25. Vera, L., Hugo, V.C., Edgard, M.S., Silva, A.A., and Manuel, R.S., Tavares Nondestructive characterization of microstructures and determination of elastic properties in plain carbon steel using ultrasonic measurements, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2010, vol. 527, p. 16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.03.09010.1016/j.msea.2010.03.090 ↗
26. Mishakin, V.V., Gonchar, A.V., Kurashkin, K.V., Klyushnikov, V.A., and Kachanov, M., On low-cycle fatigue of austenitic steel. Part I: Changes of Poisson’s ratio and elastic anisotropy, Int. J. Eng. Sci., 2021, vol. 168, p. 103567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2021.10356710.1016/j.ijengsci.2021.103567 ↗
27. Klyushnikov, V.A., Influence of plastic deformation temperature on ultrasonic and electromagnetic properties of austenitic steel, Mater. Today: Proc., 2019, vol. 19, p. 2320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.67910.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.679 ↗
28. Luo, Z., Jin, S., Zou, L., Zhu, X., and Lin, L., Gain-scale ultrasonic properties measurement of cast austenitic stainless steel, Measurement, 2020, vol. 151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2019.10723110.1016/j.measurement.2019.107231 ↗
29. Chen, Y., Luo, Z., Zhou, Q., Zou, L., and Lin, L., Modeling of ultrasonic propagation in heavy-walled centrifugally cast austenitic stainless steel based on EBSD analysis, Ultrasonics, 2015, vol. 59, p. 31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2015.01.00910.1016/j.ultras.2015.01.009 ↗
30. Takahashi, S. and Motegi, R., Measurement of third-order elastic constants and applications to loaded structural materials, SpringerPlus, 2015, vol. 4, no. 25, article no. 325. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-1019-210.1186/s40064-015-1019-2 ↗
31. Li, Z., He, J., Teng, J., and Wang, Y., Internal Stress Monitoring of In-Service Structural Steel Members with Ultrasonic Method, Materials, 2016, vol. 9, p. 223. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma904022310.3390/ma9040223 ↗
32. Acevedo, R., Sedlak, P., Kolman, R., and Fredel, M., Residual stress analysis of additive manufacturing of metallic parts using ultrasonic waves: State of the art review, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2020, vol. 9, no. 4, p. 9457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.05.09210.1016/j.jmrt.2020.05.092 ↗
33. Bazargan, M., Almqvist, B.S.G., Motra, H.B., Broumand, P., Schmiedel, T., and Hieronymus, C.F., Elastic wave propagation in a stainless-steel standard and verification of a COMSOL multiphysics numerical elastic wave toolbox, Resources, 2022, no. 11, p. 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources1105004910.3390/resources11050049 ↗
34. Salmi, A. and Eleonora, A., Residual stress analysis of thin AlSi10Mg parts produced by laser powder bed fusion, Virtual Phys. Prototyp., 2020, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 49–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2019.165023710.1080/17452759.2019.1650237 ↗
35. GOST (State Standard) R ISO 7963-20. Nondestructive testing. Ultrasonic testing. Technical conditions for calibration block no. 2.
36. Mutua, J., Nakata, Sh., Onda, T., and Chen, Z.-C., Optimization of selective laser melting parameters and influence of post heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of maraging steel, Mater. Des., 2018, vol. 139, p. 486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.11.04210.1016/j.matdes.2017.11.042 ↗
37. Mooney, B., Kourousis, K.I., and Raghavendra, R., Plastic anisotropy of additively manufactured maraging steel: Influence of the build orientation and heat treatments, Addit. Manuf., 2019, vol. 25, p. 19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2018.10.03210.1016/j.addma.2018.10.032 ↗
38. Tretyakov, D., Belyaev, A., and Shaposhnikov, N., Acoustic anisotropy and localization of plastic deformation in aluminum alloys, Mater. Today: Proc., 2020, vol. 30, p. 413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.38710.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.387 ↗
39. Alekseeva, E.L., Belyaev, A.K., Grishchenko, A.I., Mansyrev, D.E., Polyanskiy, V.A., Tretyakov, D.A., and Shvetsov, O.V., The Initiation Mechanism of Plastic Strain Localization Bands and Acoustic Anisotropy, Procedia Struct. Integr., 2017, no. 6, p. 128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2017.11.02010.1016/j.prostr.2017.11.020 ↗
40. Belyaev, A.K., Polyanskiy, V.A., Semenov, A.S., Tretyakov, D.A., and Yakovlev, Y.A., Investigation of the correlation between acoustic anisotropy, damage and measures of the stress-strain state, Procedia Struct. Integr., 2017, no. 6, p. 201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2017.11.03110.1016/j.prostr.2017.11.031 ↗
41. Malmström, M., Jansson, A., and Hutchinson, B., Application of laser-ultrasonics for evaluating textures and anisotropy, Appl. Sci., 2022, no. 12, p. 10547. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12201054710.3390/app122010547 ↗
42. Lhémery, A., Calmon, P., Chatillon, S., and Gengembre, N., Modeling of ultrasonic fields radiated by contact transducer in a component of irregular surface, Ultrasonics, 2002, vol. 40, p. 231. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0041-624X(02)00143-910.1016/S0041-624X(02)00143-9 ↗
43. Chiang, E.H., Adler, R.S., Meyer, C.R., Rubin, J.M., Dedrick, D.K., and Laing, T.J., Quantitative assessment of surface roughness using backscattered ultrasound: The effects of finite surface curvature, Ultrasound Med. Biol., 1994, vol. 20, p. 123. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-5629(94)90077-910.1016/0301-5629(94)90077-9 ↗
44. Alanisamy, R.P., Pyun, D.-K., and Findikoglu, A.T., Accurate ultrasonic thickness measurement for arbitrary time-variant thermal profile, Sensors, 2024, vol. 24, p. 5304. https://doi.org/10.3390/s2416530410.3390/s24165304 ↗
45. Kowalczyk, J., Jósko, M., Wieczorek, D., Sędłak, K., and Nowak, M., The Influence of the hardness of the tested material and the surface preparation method on the results of ultrasonic testing, Appl. Sci., 2023, vol. 13, p. 9904. https://doi.org/10.3390/app1317990410.3390/app13179904 ↗
46. Lukomski, T. and Stepinski, T., Steel hardness evaluation based on ultrasound velocity measurements, Insight Non-Destr. Test. Cond. Monit., 2010, vol. 52, pp. 592–596. https://doi.org/10.1784/insi.2010.52.11.59210.1784/insi.2010.52.11.592 ↗
47. Duijster, A., Volker, A., Van den Berg, F., and Celada-Casero, C., Estimation of Grain Size and Composition in Steel Using Laser UltraSonics Simulations at Different Temperatures, Appl. Sci., 2023, vol. 13, p. 1121. https://doi.org/10.3390/app1302112110.3390/app13021121 ↗
48. GOST (State Standard) R 8.637-2007. State system for ensuring measurement uniformity. Reference specimens for metrological support of pipeline nondestructive testing equipment. General requirements, Moscow: Standartinform, 2008.
49. GOST (State Standard) R 50.05.02-2018. Conformity assessment system in nuclear energy. Conformity assessment in form of inspection. Unified methods. Ultrasonic testing of welded joints and claddings, Moscow: Standartinform, 2018.
50. GOST (State Standard) 28831-90. Heavy plate products. Ultrasonic testing methods, Moscow: Izd-vo Standartov, 1992.
51. GOST (State Standard) 21120-75. Round and rectangular bars and billets. Ultrasonic testing methods, Moscow: Izd. Standartov, 1989.
52. GOST (State Standard) 24507-80. Nondestructive testing. Forgings of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Ultrasonic testing methods, Moscow: Standartinform, 2010.
53. GOST (State Standard) R 50.05.13-2019. Conformity assessment system in nuclear energy. Ultrasonic testing of welded joints using phased array technology, Moscow: Standartinform, 2019.
54. GOST (State Standard) R 50.05.18-2019. Conformity assessment system in nuclear energy. Welded joints of steel components of different structural classes for nuclear power plant equipment and pipelines. Ultrasonic testing procedure, Moscow: Standartinform, 2019.
55. GOST (State Standard) R 50.05.05-2018. Conformity assessment system in nuclear energy. Conformity assessment in form of inspection. Unified methods. Ultrasonic testing of base materials (semi-finished products), Moscow: Standartinform, 2018.
56. GOST (State Standard) R ISO 16831-2016. Nondestructive testing. Ultrasonic testing. Characterization and verification of ultrasonic thickness measuring equipment, Moscow: Standartinform, 2016.
57. GOST (State Standard) 21397-81. Nondestructive testing. Set of reference blocks for ultrasonic testing of semi-finished products and articles made of aluminum alloys. Technical specifications, Moscow: Izd. Standartov, 1981.
58. GOST (State Standard) 22727-88. Sheet products. Ultrasonic testing methods, Moscow: Izd. Standartov, 1988.
59. GOST (State Standard) 31244-2004. Nondestructive testing. Assessment of physical-mechanical characteristics of technical system elements by acoustic method. General requirements, Moscow: Standartinform, 2010.
60. GOST (State Standard) 26126-84. Nondestructive testing. Soldered joints. Ultrasonic methods of quality control, Moscow: Izd. Standartov, 1984.
61. GOST (State Standard) 14782-86. Nondestructive testing. Welded joints. Ultrasonic methods, Moscow: Izd. Standartov, 1986.
62. GOST (State Standard) R 50.05.03-2022. Conformity assessment system in nuclear energy. Conformity assessment in form of inspection. Unified methods. Ultrasonic testing and thickness measurement of monometals, bimetals and anti-corrosion coatings, Moscow: Standart. Inst., 2022.
63. GOST (State Standard) R 50.05.04-2018. Conformity assessment system in nuclear energy. Conformity assessment in form of inspection. Unified methods. Ultrasonic testing of austenitic steel welded joints, Moscow: Standartinform, 2018.
64. GOST (State Standard) R 57932-2017. Polymer composites. Acoustic-ultrasonic testing of filament-wound pressure vessels, Moscow: Standartinform, 2017.
65. GOST (State Standard) R ISO 16809-2015. Nondestructive testing. Ultrasonic testing. Thickness measurement, Moscow: Standartinform, 2015.
66. GOST (State Standard) 22727-88. Sheet products. Ultrasonic testing methods, Moscow: Izd. Standartov, 1988.
67. GOST (State Standard) R 56814-2015. Polymer composites. Ultrasonic testing of outer layer material and core material of sandwich structures, Moscow: Standartinform, 2016.
68. GOST (State Standard) 14637-89. Heavy plates of ordinary quality carbon steel. Technical specifications, Moscow: Standartinform, 2008.
69. GOST (State Standard) 1050-2013. Metal products from unalloyed structural quality and special steels. General technical conditions, Moscow: Standartinform, 2014.
70. Kadisa, R.L., Nezhikhovsky, G.R., and Simina, V.B., Kolichestvennoe opisanie neopredelennosti v analiticheskikh izmereniyah (EURACHEM/CITAC Guide Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement), Saint Petersburg: D.I. Mendeleev Institute for Metrology, 2002.
71. Marochnik Stalei I Splavov (Handbook of Steels and Alloys), Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 2003.
72. Zhdanev, O.V., Zaitsev, A.V., and Lobankov, V.M., Metrological support of equipment for geophysical research, Notes Min. Inst., 2020, vol. 246, pp. 667–677. https://doi.org/10.31897/PMI.2020.6.910.31897/PMI.2020.6.9 ↗