Water content and temperature effect on ultrasonic pulse velocity of concrete
Source abstract
Abstract
In this paper, water content and temperature effect on the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) of concrete was investigated. A series of tests were performed to examine the relationship between water content and UPV of concrete with different aggregate mixture proportions. Cube test specimens were made of concrete with water-cement ratio of 0.5. The concrete specimens were immersed in water for 90 days to saturate them. To measure the effect of different water contents on UPV, the test specimens were dried gradually to change the amount of water between measurements. This process was repeated until the concrete pieces was completely dried and weight no longer changed. The water content could be changed from about 6 to 0%. Following, another test procedure was conducted to research the relationship between temperature and UPV. To measure the influence of various temperature on UPV, completely dried concrete specimens were firstly cooled to –18°C and gradually heated to +180°C. In these two different procedures, the UPV values corresponding water content and temperature in the relevant ranges were periodically measured. The test results indicate that the increase in both water content and temperature increases almost linearly UPV of concrete. Based on correlation derived from the test data, irrespective of concrete properties a further increase in both water content of 1% and temperature of 10°C increases UPV of average 160 and 34 m/s, respectively. As overall assessment, this study demonstrates that the UPV is a function of both water content and temperature, and the changing of these two parameters has an important influence on ultrasonic pulse velocity of concrete.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Fire effects on concrete materials · Innovative concrete reinforcement materials · Concrete Properties and Behavior
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (31)
Show source-provided references
1. del Rio, L.M., Jimenez, A., Lopez, F., Rosa, F.J., Rufo, M.M., and Paniagua, J.M, Characterization and hardening of concrete with ultrasonic testing, Ultrason., 2004, vol. 42, nos. 1–9, pp. 527–530.10.1016/j.ultras.2004.01.053 ↗
2. del Rio, L.M., Lopez, F., Pareja, C., and Callejas, B, An ultrasound study of concrete hardening in construction pillars, 19th Int. Congr. Acoust., 2007.
3. Ohdaira, E. and Masuzawa, N, Water content and its effect on ultrasound propagation in concrete—the possibility of NDE, Ultrason., 2000, vol. 38, nos 1-8, pp. 546–552.10.1016/S0041-624X(99)00158-4 ↗
4. Özerkan, G. N. and Yaman, O. I, Evaluation of cement mortars by ultrasound, 4th Middle East NDT Conf. Exhib., 2007.
5. Trtnik, G., Turk, G., Kavcic, F., and Bosiljkov, V.B, Possibilities of using the ultrasonic wave transmission method to estimate initial setting time of cement paste, Cem. Concr. Res., 2008, vol. 38, no. 11, pp. 1336–1342.10.1016/j.cemconres.2008.08.003 ↗
6. Yildrim, H. and Sengul, O, Modulus of elasticity of substandard and normal concretes, Constr. Build. Mater., 2011, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 1645–1652.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.10.009 ↗
7. Panzera, T.H., Rubio, J.C., Bowen, C.R., Vasconcelos, W.L., and Strecker, K, Correlation between structure and pulse velocity of cementitious composites, Adv. Cem. Res, 2008, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 101–108.10.1680/adcr.2008.20.3.101 ↗
8. Lafhaj, Z., Goueygou, M., Djerbi, A., and Kaczmarek, M, Correlation between porosity, permeability and ultrasonic parameters of mortar with variable water/cement ratio and water content, Cem. Concr. Res., 2006, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 625–633.
9. Ye, G., van Breugel, K., and Fraaij, A.L.A, Experimental study on ultrasonic pulse velocity evaluation of the microstructure of cementitious material at early age, Heron, 2011, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 161–167.
10. Berriman, J., Purnell, P., Hutchins, D.A., and Neild, A, Humidity and aggregate content correction factors for air-coupled ultrasonic evaluation of concrete, Ultrason., 2005, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 211–217.10.1016/j.ultras.2004.07.003 ↗
11. Tanyildizi, H. and Coskun, A, Determination of the principal parameter of ultrasonic pulse velocity and compressive strength of lightweight concrete by using variance method, Russ. J. Nondestr. Testing, 2008, vol. 44, no. 9, pp. 639–646.10.1134/S1061830908090088 ↗
12. Zhang, J., Qin, L., and Li, Z.J, Hydration monitoring of cement-based materials with resistivity and ultrasonic methods, Mater. Struct., 2009, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 15–24.10.1617/s11527-008-9363-0 ↗
13. Krishna Rao, M.V, Rathish Kumar, P., and Khan, A.M., A study on the influence of curing on the strength of a standard grade concrete mix, Facta Univ. (Ser. Archit. Civ. Eng.), 2010, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 23–34.10.2298/FUACE1001023K ↗
14. IAEA: Guidebook on Non-Destructive Testing of Concrete Structures, I. A. E.A., 2002. p. 231.
15. Benmeddour, F., Villain, G., Abraham, O., and Choinska, M, Development of an ultrasonic experimental device to characterise concrete for structural repair, Constr. Build. Mater., 2012, vol. 37, pp. 934–942.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.09.038 ↗
16. Fadragas, C.R. and Gonzalez, M.R, Dependence of ultrasonic pulse propagation velocity on free water content in concrete structure under tropical climate conditions, Mater. Constr., 2012, vol. 62, no. 305, pp. 39–53.10.3989/mc.2011.60910 ↗
17. Lencis, U., Udris, A., and Korjakins, A, Moisture effect on the ultrasonic pulse velocity in concrete cured under normal conditions and at elevated temperature, Constr. Sc., 2013, vol. 14, pp. 71–78.
18. BS 1881. Recommendations for Measurement of the Velocity of Ultrasonic Pulses in Concrete—Part 203, London: Br. Stand. Inst., 1986.
19. ASTM C 597-09. Standard Test Method for Pulse Velocity through Concrete, West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM Int., 2009.
20. DIN ISO 8047. Determination of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity, Ger. Inst. Stand. (DIN), 1998.
21. GOST (State Standard) 17624-87. Ultrasonic Method of Strength Determination, Moscow.
22. GOST (State Standard) 26134-84. Ultrasonic Method of Frost Resistance Determination, Moscow.
23. Yang, H., Lin, Y., Hsiao, C., and Liu, J.Y, Evaluating residual compressive strength of concrete at elevated temperatures using ultrasonic pulse velocity, Fire Safety J., 2009, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 121–130.10.1016/j.firesaf.2008.05.003 ↗
24. TS 802. Design of Concrete Mixes, Ankara: Turk. Stand. Inst., 2009.
25. TS EN12390-4. Testing Hardened Concrete—Part 4: Compressive Strength-Specification for Testing Machines, Ankara: Turk. Stand. Inst., 2002.
26. TS EN12504-4. Testing Concrete—Part 4: Determination of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity, Ankara: Turk. Stand. Inst., 2012.
27. Bungey, J.H, The validity of ultrasonic pulse velocity testing of in-place concrete for strength, NDT Int., 1980, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 296–300.10.1016/0308-9126(80)90021-8 ↗
28. Bungey, J.H. and Madandoust, R, Evaluation of nondestructive strength testing of lightweight concrete, P. I. Civil Eng.-Str. B, 1994, vol. 104, no. 3, pp. 275–283.
29. Jones, R., Non-Destructive Testing of Concrete, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1962.
30. Trtnik, G., Kavcic, F., and Turk, G, Prediction of concrete strength using ultrasonic pulse velocity and artificial neural networks, Ultrason., 2009, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 53–60.10.1016/j.ultras.2008.05.001 ↗
31. Ulucan, Z.C., Tü rk, K. and Karatas, M, Effect of mineral admixtures on the correlation between ultrasonic velocity and compressive strength for self-compacting concrete, Russ. J. Nondestr. Testing, 2008, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 367–374.10.1134/S1061830908050100 ↗