journal article·2025-07-03Open access

Structural condition assessment of asphalt pavement semi-Rigid bases using FWD deflection basin parameters

Linyi Yao, Jiwang Jiang, Changbo Li, Zhen Leng, Fujian Ni

Abstract

Assessing structural conditions of semi-rigid bases in asphalt pavements is essential for effective base treatment in reconstruction and expansion (R&E) projects. Although various falling weight deflectometer (FWD) parameters have been developed for this purpose, field-validated parameters are still missing. This study identifies the appropriate FWD deflection basin parameter (DBP) through sensitivity analysis, correlation examination, and on-site milling and inspection. Findings indicate D20-D60 as the most suitable DBP, with 23 µm and 40 µm thresholds for warning and severe conditions, respectively. The correlation between D20-D60 and cracking rate suggests that high cracking rates suggest base weakness, whereas low rates may not guarantee structural integrity due to maintenance masking effects. On-site milling further confirmed this finding, demonstrating the alignment between D20-D60 assessments and field observations. The outcome of this study is anticipated to provide a practical DBP for evaluating semi-rigid base conditions and to inform base treatment strategies in R&E projects.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation · Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring · Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Southeast University

China Railway 19th Bureau Group No. 3 Engineering Co., Ltd.

Funding

Jiangsu Science and Technology Association youth science and technology talent lifting project in construction field

References (38)

Show source-provided references
1. 10.1080/10298436.2024.236394410.1080/10298436.2024.2363944 ↗
2. 10.1007/978-981-13-0011-0_3910.1007/978-981-13-0011-0_39 ↗
3. 10.1007/s42947-023-00307-w10.1007/s42947-023-00307-w ↗
4. Dehlen, G. (1962). A simple instrument for measuring the curvature induced in a road surfacing by a wheel load. Civil Engineering = Siviele Ingenieurswese, 1962(9), 189–194.
5. 10.1080/14680629.2018.142402610.1080/14680629.2018.1424026 ↗
6. 10.1080/14680629.2019.171023910.1080/14680629.2019.1710239 ↗
7. 10.3141/2104-0210.3141/2104-02 ↗
8. 10.1080/14680629.2018.150029710.1080/14680629.2018.1500297 ↗
9. FHWA. (2000). Temperature predictions and adjustment factors for asphalt pavement Report No. FHWA-RD-98-085 37–38.
10. 10.1080/10298436.2020.182858610.1080/10298436.2020.1828586 ↗
11. Hoffman M. S. (1980). Mechanistic interpretation of nondestructive pavement testing deflections [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois at Urbana. https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/items/67060
12. Horak, E. (2008). Benchmarking the structural condition of flexible pavements with deflection bowl parameters. Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering, 50(2), 2–9.
13. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.12599110.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125991 ↗
14. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.11737610.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117376 ↗
15. Kim Y. (1998). Assessing Pavement Layer Condition Using Deflection Data. National Cooperative Highway Research Program Project 10-48. Transportation Research Board Washington DC.
16. 10.3141/2227-1010.3141/2227-10 ↗
17. 10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e0245110.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02451 ↗
18. 10.1080/14680629.2022.211706210.1080/14680629.2022.2117062 ↗
19. 10.3390/rs1518462010.3390/rs15184620 ↗
20. 10.1177/036119811982607510.1177/0361198119826075 ↗
21. Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China. (2017). Specifications for design of highway asphalt pavement (JTG D50-2017).
22. Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China. (2018). Highway performance assessment standards (JTG H20-2018).
23. Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China. (2019). Field test methods of highway subgrade and pavement (JTG 3450–2019).
24. 10.1080/10298436.2022.203481510.1080/10298436.2022.2034815 ↗
25. 10.1177/036119810519050011210.1177/0361198105190500112 ↗
26. Pierce L. M. Bruinsma J. E. Smith K. D. Wade M. J. Chatti K. & Vandenbossche J. (2017). Using falling weight deflectometer data with mechanistic-empirical design and analysis volume III: Guidelines for deflection testing analysis and interpretation.
27. 10.1080/14680629.2017.137499110.1080/14680629.2017.1374991 ↗
28. 10.1080/10298436.2019.158036610.1080/10298436.2019.1580366 ↗
29. 10.3846/1822-427X.2009.4.196-20210.3846/1822-427X.2009.4.196-202 ↗
30. 10.3390/su1311631010.3390/su13116310 ↗
31. 10.1080/14680629.2020.179785510.1080/14680629.2020.1797855 ↗
32. 10.1080/10298436.2021.201187210.1080/10298436.2021.2011872 ↗
33. 10.3141/1806-0610.3141/1806-06 ↗
34. 10.3390/app1413578910.3390/app14135789 ↗
35. 10.1080/10298436.2021.200181410.1080/10298436.2021.2001814 ↗
36. 10.1088/1742-6596/1187/5/05210210.1088/1742-6596/1187/5/052102 ↗
37. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.15710.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.157 ↗
38. Zhang, Z., Claros, G., Manuel, L., & Damnjanovic, I. (2003). Evaluation of the pavement structural condition at network level using falling weight deflectometer (FWD) data. In 82nd transportation research board meeting, Washington, DC, USA.