A practical approach to estimate the degree of binder activity of reclaimed asphalt materials
Source abstract
Abstract
Using Reclaimed Asphalt (RA) in new asphalt mixtures can reduce the amount of new material required thereby saving money and natural resources. In addition, asphalt mixtures with RA have shown comparable properties and performance to that generally associated with asphalt mixtures made with 100% virgin material. However, RA content in pavement surface layers is still limited due to specification and technical limitations. For higher contents, the aged RA binder must be analysed to accurately determine the requirements for virgin binders and additives while the degree of blending (DOB) between the RA binder and the virgin binder also needs to be quantified. This is not a simple process and generally designers assume one of two opposing theories associated with 100% (full blending) or 0% (“Black Rock”) DOB. This paper proposes a new approach to estimate a unique property of the RA known as the Degree of Binder Activity (DoA) as a function of the processing temperatures of the RA. The study showed positive results and indicated that this DoA approach can be used as a tool to better understand RA in order to improve the binder/blend design for recycled asphalt mixtures.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation · Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring · Innovative concrete reinforcement materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Nottingham Transportation Engineering Centre (NTEC), University of Nottingham, Pavement Research Building, Nottingham, UK
Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Scuola Politecnica, Universitá degli studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Funding
CNPq
References (62)
Show source-provided references
1. AASHTO TP105 · 2013
2. Al-Qadi I. L. · 2012
3. Al-Qadi I. L. · 2009
4. Al-Qadi I. · 2015
5. Austroads. (2015). Maximising the re-use of reclaimed asphalt pavement outcomes of year two: RAP mix design. Austroads. Retrieved from www.austroads.com.au
6. 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.000072610.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000726 ↗
7. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.10.00310.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.10.003 ↗
8. 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.05.05910.1016/j.fuel.2014.05.059 ↗
9. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.13210.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.132 ↗
10. BS 2000-143. (2004). Methods of test for petroleum and its product – part 143: Determination of asphaltenes (heptane insolubles) in crude petroleum and petroleum products.
11. BS 4987-1. (2005). Coated macadam (asphalt concrete) for roads and other paved areas (p. 38).
12. Campher, L. (2012). Herwonne asfalt: Hoe effektief is verouderde bitumen in Bitumen Stabliliseerde Materiale? Bachelor Degree Project, Faculty of Engineering, University of Stellenbosch.
13. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.06.01210.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.06.012 ↗
14. Copeland, A. (2011). Reclaimed asphalt pavement in asphalt mixtures: State of the practice (Report No. FHWA-HRT-11-021). McLean.
15. Denneman, E., Dias, M., Malone, S., Choi, Y., Woodall, E. & Urquhart, R. (2013). AP-T245-13 austroads technical report – maximising the re-use of reclaimed asphalt pavement: Binder blend characterisation. Sydney.
16. EN 1097-6. (2013). Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates part 6 : Determination of particle density and water absorption (p. 54). BSI Standards Limited.
17. EN 12697-1. (2012). Bituminous mixtures – test methods for hot mix asphalt part 1: Soluble binder content (p. 52). BSI Standards Limited.
18. EN 12697-23. (2017). Bituminous mixtures – test methods – part 23: Determination of the indirect tensile strength of bituminous specimens (p. 12). BSI Standards Limited.
19. EN 12697-2. (2015). Bituminous mixtures – test methods part 2: Determination of particle size distribution (p. 16). BSI Standards Limited.
20. EN 12697-4. (2015). Bituminous mixtures – test methods for hot mix asphalt – part 4: Bitumen recovery: Fractionating column (p. 22). BSI Standards Limited.
21. EN 12697-5. (2009). Bituminous mixtures – test methods for hot mix asphalt – part 5: Determination of the maximum density (p. 24). BSI Standards Limited.
22. EN 12697-6. (2012). Bituminous mixtures – test methods for hot mix asphalt – part 6: Determination of bulk density of bituminous specimens (p. ss). BSI Standards Limited.
23. EN 13108-1. (2016). Bituminous mixtures – material specifications – part 1: Asphalt concrete (p. 52). BSI Standards Limited.
24. EN 13302. (2010). Bitumen and bituminous binders – determination of dynamic viscosity of bituminous binder using a rotating spindle apparatus (p. 16). BSI Standards Limited.
25. EN 1426. (2015). Bitumen and bituminous binders – determination of needle penetration (p. 18). BSI Standards Limited.
26. EN 1427. (2015). Bitumen and bituminous binders – determination of the softening point – ring and ball method (p. 18). BSI Standards Limited.
27. EN 14770. (2012). Bitumen and bituminous binders – determination of complex shear modulus and phase angle – dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) (p. 22). BSI Standards Limited.
28. EN 933-2. (1996). Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates. Determination of particle size distribution. Test sieves, nominal size of apertures (p. 10). BSI Standards Limited.
29. Gaitan, L. (2012). Evaluation of the degree of blending of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) binder for warm mix asphalt (Master thesis). Rowan University.
30. 10.1002/pen.2069710.1002/pen.20697 ↗
31. Gershkoff, D. (1991). A study of the rheological behaviour of some surface dressing binders (Master thesis). University of Nottingham.
32. Harvey, N. L. (2010). Evaluation of indirect tensile strength as design criteria for superpave mixtures (Masters dissertation). North Carolina State University.
33. 10.1177/036119810519290010510.1177/0361198105192900105 ↗
34. Jaya, R. S. & Asif, A. (2015). Determination of binder film thickness for bituminous mixtures prepared with various types of fillers. 6th international conference on structural engineering and construction management (p. 7). Kandy.
35. 10.1080/14680629.2015.102970710.1080/14680629.2015.1029707 ↗
36. Jitsangiam P. · International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology · 2012 · 5 · 411
37. Kalman, B., Mouillet, V., Mollenhauer, K., Enell, A., Nielsen, E. & Werkmeister, S. (2013). Re-road: End of life strategies of asphalt pavements. Retrieved from https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/90095/reporting/en
38. Katman H. Y. · International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering · 2012 · 12 · 14
39. Lo Presti, D., Airey, G., Di Liberto, C. M., Noto, S., Di Mino, G., Blasl, A. … Wellner, F. (2017). AllBack2Pave: Towards a sustainable recycling of asphalt in wearing courses. Proceedings of the AIIT international congress on transport infrastructure and systems CEDR call 2012: Recycling: Road construction in a post-fossil fuel society CEDR (p. 100). Rome.
40. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.89910.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.899 ↗
41. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.05.09310.1016/j.jclepro.2016.05.093 ↗
42. 10.1080/14680629.2019.160753710.1080/14680629.2019.1607537 ↗
43. McDaniel, R. & Anderson, R. M. (2001). NCHRP report 452: Recommended use of reclaimed asphalt pavement in the superpave mix design method: Technician’s manual (NCHRP Report 452). Washington, DC.
44. Mohajeri, M. (2015). Hot mix asphalt recycling practices and principles (PhD thesis). Delft University of Technology.
45. Mollenhauer, K. (2010). DIRECT MAT: Dismantling and recycling Techniques for Road materials – WP4 D5 synthesis of national and international documents on existing knowledge regarding the recycling of reclaimed road materials in asphalt (p. 154). Bouguenais: LCPC.
46. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.04810.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.048 ↗
47. 10.1002/app.2580010.1002/app.25800 ↗
48. 10.1680/coma.11.0005110.1680/coma.11.00051 ↗
49. 10.6135/ijprt.org.tw/2013.6(2).10910.6135/ijprt.org.tw/2013.6(2).109 ↗
50. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.14410.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.144 ↗
51. 10.1016/j.resconrec.2004.04.00510.1016/j.resconrec.2004.04.005 ↗
52. 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:5(376)10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:5(376) ↗
53. 10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.01.01810.1016/j.resconrec.2013.01.018 ↗
54. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.06.04510.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.06.045 ↗
55. 10.1617/s11527-018-1238-410.1617/s11527-018-1238-4 ↗
56. Tebaldi, G., Dave, E., Marsac, P., Muraya, P., Pasetto, M., Graziani, A. … Tebaldi, G. (2013). Classification of recycled asphalt (RA) material to cite this version: TG6 of Rilem TC-SIB: Classification of RAP. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Asphalt Pavement and Environment (p. 14), Fortaleza.
57. Vasconcelos, K. L., Bernucci, L. B. & Chaves, J. M. (2012). Effect of temperature on the indirect tensile strength test of asphalt mixtures. 5th Eurasphalt & Eurobitume congress (p. 9). Istanbul.
58. West R. C. · 2010
59. Wu J. · 2009
60. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.07.03510.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.07.035 ↗
61. 10.1617/s11527-014-0332-510.1617/s11527-014-0332-5 ↗
62. Zhou, F., Das, G., Scullion, T., Hu, S. & Office, T. I. (2010). RAP stockpile management and processing in Texas: State of the practice and proposed guidelines. Texas Department of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration.