Suitability of warm mix asphalt (WMA) technologies based on performance and energy consumption
Source abstract
Abstract
Studying the effects of material variability on the performance of warm mix asphalt (WMA) is important to understand the benefits of reduced production temperatures. This study compares the performance of five different WMA mixtures prepared with two varying base binders and two different aggregate sources. The rutting, fatigue, and moisture sensitivity of asphalt mixtures were evaluated using cyclic compression test, indirect tensile cracking test, and modified Lottman test, respectively. Additionally, a theoretical analysis was used to compare the energy consumption during the production process. The results indicated that the performance of WMA is a function of the type of the base binder, aggregate source, and the type of WMA technology. Nonetheless, all the WMA mixtures contributed to higher energy savings in comparison to hot mix asphalt (HMA). Based on the ranking framework used in this study, the use of Rediset is recommended to achieve adequate performance and lower energy consumption.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation · Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring · Transport Systems and Technology
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. AASHTO R30. (2019). Standard practice for mixture conditioning of Hot Mix asphalt (HMA). American Association of State and Highway Transportation Officials 02 1–5.
2. AASHTO T283-22. (2022). Standard method of test for resistance of compacted asphalt mixtures to moisture-induced damage. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 9.
3. 10.1080/10298436.2019.169415010.1080/10298436.2019.1694150 ↗
4. 10.1617/s11527-020-01480-110.1617/s11527-020-01480-1 ↗
5. 10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e0223710.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02237 ↗
6. Al-Qadi I. Ozer H. Lambros J. Lippert D. El Khatib A. Khan T. Singh P. & Rivera-Perez J. J. (2015). Testing protocols to ensure performance of high asphalt binder replacement mixes using RAP and RAS. In Illinois Center for Transportation (Issue 1).
7. 10.3390/su1506547110.3390/su15065471 ↗
8. 10.1080/10298436.2022.205797710.1080/10298436.2022.2057977 ↗
9. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.11886810.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118868 ↗
10. 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.000045510.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000455 ↗
11. Arkema. (2021). CECA’s specialty surfactants and polyols – Warm mix asphalt additives for road construction. https://www.cecachemicals.com/en/expertise/specialty-surfactants-and-polyols/road-construction/warm-mix-asphalt-additives/.
12. 10.1088/1757-899X/745/1/01210910.1088/1757-899X/745/1/012109 ↗
13. 10.6180/jase.202006_23(2).000310.6180/jase.202006_23(2).0003 ↗
14. Asphalt institute. (2014). Mix design methods for asphalt 7th edition.
15. 10.1520/D8225-19.Copyright10.1520/D8225-19.Copyright ↗
16. 10.1007/S11367-022-02121-1/METRICS10.1007/S11367-022-02121-1/METRICS ↗
17. 10.1016/j.ijprt.2016.08.00410.1016/j.ijprt.2016.08.004 ↗
18. 10.1177/036119812092185210.1177/0361198120921852 ↗
19. 10.17226/1448810.17226/14488 ↗
20. 10.1080/10298436.2014.99319910.1080/10298436.2014.993199 ↗
21. BS EN 12697-25. (2016). Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt —Part 25: Cyclic compression test.
22. 10.3390/nano1006120210.3390/nano10061202 ↗
23. Chowdhury A. & Button J. W. (2008). Report 473700-00080-1: A Review of Warm Mix Asphalt (Vol. 7 Issue 2).
24. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.13039710.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.130397 ↗
25. 10.1177/036119811877647910.1177/0361198118776479 ↗
26. 10.1080/10298436.2018.150884510.1080/10298436.2018.1508845 ↗
27. 10.1016/j.treng.2020.10003010.1016/j.treng.2020.100030 ↗
28. 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2014.05.00910.1016/j.ijadhadh.2014.05.009 ↗
29. D’Angelo, J., Harm, E., Bartoszek, J., Baumgardner, G., Corrigan, M., Cowsert, J., Harman, T., Jamshidi, M., Jones, W., Newcomb, D., Prowell, B., Sines, R., & Yeaton, B. (2008). Warm-Mix asphalt: European practice. Federal Highway Administration.
30. 10.1080/14680629.2022.210574310.1080/14680629.2022.2105743 ↗
31. Estakhri C. Button J. & Alvarez A. (2010). FHWA/TX-10/0-5597-2: Field and laboratory investigation of warm mix asphalt in Texas (Vol. 7 Issue 2). http://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=987324.
32. European Asphalt Pavement Association & National Asphalt Pavement Association. (2011). The asphalt paving industry A global perspective - 2nd edition (p. 36). http://www.asphaltpavement.org/images/stories/GL_101_Edition_3.pdf.
33. 10.3390/CIVILENG302002110.3390/CIVILENG3020021 ↗
34. 10.1061/jpeodx.000000110.1061/jpeodx.0000001 ↗
35. 10.1080/14680629.2021.190630510.1080/14680629.2021.1906305 ↗
36. 10.1063/1.500573110.1063/1.5005731 ↗
37. Indian standard. (1963a). IS: 2386 (Part I)−1963. Method of Test for aggregate for concrete. Part I - Particle size and shape. Bureau of Indian Standards New Delhi India.
38. Indian standard. (1963b). Is: 2386 (Part IV)−1963. Method of test for aggregate for concrete part IV mechanical properties Bureau of Indian Standards New Delhi India.
39. Indian Standards. (1978b). Is 1205: 1978: Methods for testing Tar and bituminous materials softening point test.
40. Indian Standards. (1978c). Is 1206: 1978: Methods for testing Tar and bituminous materials viscosity test.
41. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.08.01510.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.08.015 ↗
42. Jenkins K. J. Groot J. L. A. D. Ven M. F. C. V. D. & Molenaar A. A. A. (1999). Half-warm foamed bitumen treatment a new process. 7th Conference on Asphalt Pavements for Southern Africa 1–17.
43. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.04310.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.043 ↗
44. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.19010.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.190 ↗
45. 10.1080/10298436.2013.83979110.1080/10298436.2013.839791 ↗
46. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.13222610.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.132226 ↗
47. 10.3390/ma1514487310.3390/ma15144873 ↗
48. Larsen O. Moen Ø Robertus C. & Koenders B. G. (2004). WAM Foam asphalt production at lower operating temperatures as an environmental friendly alternative to HMA. 3rd Eurasphalt & Eurobitume Congress 641–650.
49. 10.3390/app1302095510.3390/app13020955 ↗
50. 10.1080/14680629.2019.162842610.1080/14680629.2019.1628426 ↗
51. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.05110.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.051 ↗
52. 10.1080/10298436.2018.153313510.1080/10298436.2018.1533135 ↗
53. 10.1139/cjce-2020-009010.1139/cjce-2020-0090 ↗
54. 10.1016/j.ijprt.2016.06.00110.1016/j.ijprt.2016.06.001 ↗
55. MHI. (2021). Warm mix or low viscosity hot mixed asphalt - aspha-min. https://www.aspha-min.com/en/product/aspha-min/warm-mix-or-low-viscosity-hot-mixed-asphalt.html.
56. 10.3141/2126-0310.3141/2126-03 ↗
57. 10.3390/ijerph19221486310.3390/ijerph192214863 ↗
58. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.14310.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.143 ↗
59. 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.000114310.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001143 ↗
60. 10.1080/14680629.2023.218100410.1080/14680629.2023.2181004 ↗
61. MoRTH. (2013). Specifications for road bridge works 5th revision. In Indian Roads Congress Ministry of Road Transport & Highway (Vol. 1 Issue 5th revision).
62. 10.1080/10916466.2016.121220910.1080/10916466.2016.1212209 ↗
63. 10.17226/2207710.17226/22077 ↗
64. 10.1080/10298436.2019.165926210.1080/10298436.2019.1659262 ↗
65. 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.000345110.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003451 ↗
66. Nouryon. (2021). Rediset LQ-1102CE A global specialty chemical from Nouryon (formerly AkzoNobel). https://www.nouryon.com/product/rediset-lq-1102c/.
67. 10.1007/s42947-020-0061-910.1007/s42947-020-0061-9 ↗
68. 10.1617/s11527-017-1018-610.1617/s11527-017-1018-6 ↗
69. 10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.33910.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.339 ↗
70. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.04.01910.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.04.019 ↗
71. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.09.01210.1016/j.jclepro.2013.09.012 ↗
72. 10.1007/S11356-021-17752-4/TABLES/1810.1007/S11356-021-17752-4/TABLES/18 ↗
73. 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.000150610.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001506 ↗
74. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.11841110.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118411 ↗
75. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.18110.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.181 ↗
76. 10.1061/41072(359)4310.1061/41072(359)43 ↗
77. 10.1080/10298436.2017.129326910.1080/10298436.2017.1293269 ↗
78. 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.000236710.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002367 ↗
79. Saboo, N., Sukhija, M., & Wagh, V. P. (2023). A rational approach for estimation of production temperatures of warm Mix asphalt (WMA). Indian Highways (Indian Roads Congress), 51(3), 36–50.
80. 10.1061/JPEODX.000012810.1061/JPEODX.0000128 ↗
81. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.01.04510.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.01.045 ↗
82. 10.1617/s11527-018-1214-z10.1617/s11527-018-1214-z ↗
83. Sasol. (2021a). Sasobit warm-mix asphalt from sasol: Global integrated chemicals and energy company. https://www.sasobit.com/en/.
84. Sasol. (2021b). Sasobit redux warm-mix asphalt from sasol: Global integrated chemicals and energy company. https://www.sasobit.com/en/redux.
85. 10.1080/14680629.2013.81735210.1080/14680629.2013.817352 ↗
86. 10.1080/14680629.2018.147328410.1080/14680629.2018.1473284 ↗
87. Shu Wei Goh. (2012). Development and improvement of warm-mix asphalt technology [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Michigan Technological University. https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds.
88. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.10.08010.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.10.080 ↗
89. 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.000193410.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001934 ↗
90. 10.1080/14680629.2022.215150010.1080/14680629.2022.2151500 ↗
91. 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2018.01.02910.1016/j.ijfatigue.2018.01.029 ↗
92. Standards I. (1978a). IS 1203: 1978: Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials penetration test.
93. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.03.23510.1016/j.jclepro.2017.03.235 ↗
94. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.12178110.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121781 ↗
95. 10.1016/j.trd.2022.10335510.1016/j.trd.2022.103355 ↗
96. 10.1680/JTRAN.22.0008610.1680/JTRAN.22.00086 ↗
97. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.13058910.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.130589 ↗
98. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.12480810.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124808 ↗
99. 10.1007/s42947-019-0021-410.1007/s42947-019-0021-4 ↗
100. 10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.08710.1016/j.rser.2017.01.087 ↗