Analyzing Production Rate and Carbon Utilization Trade-offs in CO₂RR Electrolyzers

Carbon utilization is a crucially important performance characteristic of CO2 electrolyzers; however, applications of simple and accurate descriptive models to experimental data on this topic are currently lacking. Here, we apply a simple analytical reactor model to parameterize single-pass conversion as a function of feed-gas flow rate and show that it captures a wide body of experimental data in the literature exceptionally well. In doing so, we demonstrate that this simple conceptual approach can characterize progress and capture recent innovations in reactor design. To validate the extracted parameters, we employ a well-established comprehensive model to confirm that the results agree with physical expectations. Finally, we explore the implications of the descriptive model by examining the inherent trade-off between single-pass conversion efficiency and reactor productivity. Understanding such trade-offs is crucially important for advancing this electrolyzer technology toward commercial applications.