High-Entropy-Driven Solvation Engineering for Sodium Ion Full Cell

Designing electrolytes compatible with hard carbon (HC) anodes that withstand a wider voltage window remains a challenge in sodium-ion batteries. Herein, we develop high-entropy electrolytes by taking a propylene carbonate-based electrolyte as a paradigm, in which various solvents were deliberately introduced to tune the entropy of the electrolyte solvation structure. The formulated high-entropy electrolytes can withstand a voltage of 4.35 V, enabling the Na 0.75 Li 0.15 Mg 0.05 Ni 0.1 Mn 0.7 O 2 ||HC full cell to deliver a specific capacity of 114.8 mAh g –1 and to exhibit enhanced rate capabilities and cycling performance. In particular, the cell achieves an energy density of 361.1 Wh kg cathode –1 while preserving a capacity retention of 89.2% after 500 cycles without any presodiation treatment. We not only evaluated the individual roles of each electrolyte component to validate the strategy but also characterized the evolution of the electrolyte-electrode interphase in different electrolytes to elucidate the improved battery performance.