journal article·2021-11-12Open access

Degradation by Kinking in Layered Cathode Materials

Yanshuai Li, Xiaomei Li, Congcong Du, Haiming Sun, Yin Zhang, Qiunan Liu, Tingting Yang, Jun Zhao, Claude Delmas, Stephen J. Harris, Hailong Chen, Qiao Huang, Yongfu Tang, Liqiang Zhang, Ting Zhu, Jianyu Huang

ACS Energy Letters· Volume 6· Issue 11

Abstract

Layered cathode materials are commonly used in lithium and sodium ion batteries, but they are prone to degradation under electrochemical cycling during battery operation. Here we report a new type of degradation mechanism through the electrochemically induced mechanical buckling and delamination cracking of intercalation layers in a P2 Na0.7-Ni0.3Mn0.6Co0.1O2 (Na-NMC) cathode material. Kinks form in the delaminated layers due to severe local bending, and each kink consists of a vertical array of dislocations, resulting from an easy slip between transition metal oxide layers. In situ mechanical compression experiments directly reveal the kink formation due to strong mechanical anisotropy parallel and perpendicular to the intercalation layers in single-crystal Na-NMC. In situ electrochemical experiments indicate that kinks form during the desodiation process. Our results unveil a new mechanism of electrochemically induced mechanical degradation stemming from weak interlayer bonding in layered cathode materials. This work has broad implications for the mitigation of degradation associated with irreversible interlayer slip in layered cathode materials.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advancements in Battery Materials · Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies · Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, People’s Republic of China

Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Ibaraki, Japan

Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States

ICMCB-CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 33608 Pessac Cedex, France

Energy Storage Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States

Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China

Funding

Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province · National Natural Science Foundation of China · science and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province · Hunan Innovation Team · Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation of China · Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicles Technology Office, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract · Huxiang Young Talents Plan Project of Hunan Province

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