β-SnSb for Sodium Ion Battery Anodes: Phase Transformations Responsible for Enhanced Cycling Stability Revealed by In Situ TEM

Hezhen Xie; Xuehai Tan; Erik J. Luber; Brian C. Olsen; W. Peter Kalisvaart; Katherine L. Jungjohann; David Mitlin; Jillian M. Buriak

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00762

journal article·2018-07-13

β-SnSb for Sodium Ion Battery Anodes: Phase Transformations Responsible for Enhanced Cycling Stability Revealed by In Situ TEM

Hezhen Xie, Xuehai Tan, Erik J. Luber, Brian C. Olsen, W. Peter Kalisvaart, Katherine L. Jungjohann, David Mitlin, Jillian M. Buriak

ACS Energy Letters· Volume 3· Issue 7

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Source abstract

Abstract

β-SnSb is known to be a highly stable anode for sodium ion batteries during cycling, but its sodiation–desodiation alloying reactions are poorly understood. Combining in situ TEM with electroanalytical methods, we demonstrate that β-SnSb forms Na3Sb and Na15Sn4 in sequence upon sodiation and re-forms as β-SnSb upon desodiation. The negative enthalpy of mixing for Sn and Sb is sufficient to cause sequentially deposited bilayers of Sn/Sb to transform into β-SnSb, resulting in comparable cycling stability. The good cycling stability of β-SnSb results from the complex two-phase amorphous–nanocrystalline microstructure in the partially charged–discharged states, as well as the intrinsic mechanical toughness of the β phase. Per the in situ TEM results, the sequential phase transformation shows minimal fracturing of the β-SnSb, indicating facile buffering of stresses. Extensively cycled specimens eventually show crystalline Sn phase segregation, which may be the source of the ultimate capacity fade in the alloy and bilayers.

Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

Energy storage Metals & alloys Nanomaterials

OpenAlex topics: Advancements in Battery Materials · Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies · Extraction and Separation Processes

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada

National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada

Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2 V4, Canada

Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States

Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States

Funding

Basic Energy Sciences · Canada Research Chairs · University of Alberta · Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada · Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures

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