DataVXCellulose Chemistry and TechnologyPaper
journal article·2021-12-03Open access

EFFECT OF K-CARRAGEENAN ON MECHANICAL, THERMAL AND BIODEGRADABLE PROPERTIES OF STARCH–CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE (CMC) BIOPLASTIC

Research Unit for Clean Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Republic of Indonesia, AKBAR HANIF DAWAM ABDULLAH, BONITA FIRDIANA, Research Unit for Clean Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Republic of Indonesia, ROSSY CHOERUN NISSA, Research Unit for Clean Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Republic of Indonesia, RAHMAT SATOTO, Research Unit for Clean Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Republic of Indonesia, MYRTHA KARINA, Research Unit for Clean Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Republic of Indonesia, DINA FRANSISKA, Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Products, Processing and Biotechnology, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Republic of Indonesia, NURHAYATI NURHAYATI, Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Products, Processing and Biotechnology, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Republic of Indonesia, AGUSMAN AGUSMAN, Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Products, Processing and Biotechnology, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Republic of Indonesia, HARI EKO IRIANTO, Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Products, Processing and Biotechnology, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Republic of Indonesia, PANJI PRIAMBUDI, Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Products, Processing and Biotechnology, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Republic of Indonesia, SRI MARLIAH, Research Unit for Clean Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Republic of Indonesia, ISMADI ISMADI, Biomaterials Research Center, Cibinong Science Center, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Republic of Indonesia

Cellulose Chemistry and Technology· Volume 55· Issue 9-10
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Source abstract

Abstract

Starch–carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) bioplastics have limited mechanical properties. Carrageenan from seaweed is a potential reinforcement material for improving the mechanical properties of bioplastics. This study aimed to determine the effect of Kappa (κ)-carrageenan on the mechanical and thermal properties and biodegradability of starch–CMC bioplastics. In this study, carrageenan at concentrations of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% was used. The melt-mixing process was conducted at 130 °C for 4 min, using a mixer and then hot-pressing (30 kgf/cm2) at 150 °C for 5 min. The results indicated that the higher κ-carrageenan concentration increased the strength of bioplastics up to 15.7 MPa. The fracture analysis via scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated the distribution of sulfur (S) elements that described the dispersion of κ-carrageenan. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra revealed that the interaction between the starch–CMC matrix and κ-carrageenan formed a tight hydrogen bond network. The lowest mass reduction observed by thermogravimetric analysis occurred in bioplastics with 25% carrageenan, decreasing by 48% compared with bioplastics without κ-carrageenan. The addition of κ-carrageenan was identified as not affecting the biodegradability of the bioplastics.
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Research context

Composites

OpenAlex topics: biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties · Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging · Food composition and properties

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