Influence of ZnO incorporation on the thermal and structural properties of cured epoxy-TA-BZ composites

Corrosion is a significant challenge in maintaining material performance and longevity, particularly in harsh environments, necessitating the development of innovative protective materials. In this study, a novel composite was developed by combining tannic acid-benzoxazine (TA-BZ), epoxy resin, and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, named Epoxy-TA-BZ-1-C, Epoxy-TA-BZ-2-C, and Epoxy-TA-BZ-4-C. These composites were cured at 200°C, with and without ZnO, to investigate the effect of ZnO addition on enhancing anticorrosion, mechanical, and thermal properties. The bio-based TA-BZ matrix, synthesized via Mannich condensation, demonstrated inherent thermal stability and corrosion resistance. Epoxy improved structural integrity, while ZnO nanoparticles enhanced barrier properties and antimicrobial activity. Comprehensive analyses, including FTIR, NMR, TGA, SEM, TEM, electrochemical, and mechanical studies, confirmed improved cross-linking density and structural optimization. Potentiodynamic polarization studies revealed a corrosion rate of 0.069 mm/year for Epoxy-TA-BZ-4-ZnO-C, highlighting its superior performance. These findings underscore its potential for advanced applications in demanding environments.