Microencapsulation based fire retardant eco-friendly jute composite

Natural fiber reinforced composites (NFCs) are a promising replacement for conventional wood materials in furniture and households. However, the flammability of natural fibers limits their practical application. The composite matrix structure can be modified to enhance flame resistance. In this study, eco-friendly and cost-effective fire-retardants (FRs), micro-integrated Triphenyl Phosphate (m-TPP), and Aluminum Trihydroxide (ATH) were added physically in different concentrations to the epoxy resins (EPs). Underwriter Laboratories 94 (UL-94) flammability test revealed that the fire resistance of FR epoxy, EP _88% m-TPP _9% ATH _3% , increased by increasing the TPP quantity with the highest V-0 rating. The thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated a better internal structure of EP _100% . However, no char residue was observed for EP _100% . The highest char residue was found for EP _88% m-TPP _9% ATH _3% , which confirmed its highest FR resistance. However, EP _88% m-TPP _9% ATH _3% showed poor tensile, flexural, and compressional strengths. The m-TPP was a better FR than ATH. However, the mechanical stability of FR samples containing ATH is better than those containing m-TPP. Also, the addition of FRs reduced the tensile and flexural strengths; however, the compressional strength and modulus were significantly improved, which implied a potential use in the furniture industry.