Review on applications of Pullulan in bone tissue engineering: Blends and composites with natural and synthetic polymers

Pullulan (PUL) has a diverse range of applicationsdue to its many therapeutic benefits, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, antimicrobial activity, and adsorption. They are combined with chitosan, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polycaprolactone (PCL), heparin, fluorescent polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs), and carboxyl Pullulan to develop properties such as thermal stability, mechanical properties, pH resistance, chemical stability, toughness. The effects of Pullulan content on the properties of the solution, as well as the morphology of the resultant nanofibers, were investigated >80%. The concept of a scaffold can be a useful notion to improve the mechanical behavior of hydrogel-based scaffolds. Compositional analysis by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that Pullulan might enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofibers. This review focuses on the combination and analysis of Pullulan blends and composites of natural and synthetic polymers, as well as their capability in biomedical fields and bone tissue engineering, for example in drug delivery, insulin delivery, food industry, medicinal and biomedical applications, antimicrobial wound dressings, cancer cell targeting, anticancer vaccine improvement, new biopolymer development, food product development and sensing. The electro spinning procedure and the materials employed in it will be covered in this review. The use of Pullulan electrospun nanofibers structures in tissue engineering will also be covered in this paper. The benefits, restrictions, and future opinions were studied. This is because of Pullulan-based polymers have a variety of properties.