3D Printing Multifunctional Poly- l -lysine-Based Hydrogel Adhesive: An Adaptable Platform for Wound Dressing

The development of wound dressings that promote healing while adapting to complex wound geometries, particularly for inflammation-prone injuries such as diabetic wounds and those occurring at mobile joints, remains a significant challenge. Here, we engineered a 3D printable multifunctional hydrogel adhesive termed PLMATA, fabricated from methacrylate-modified poly- l -lysine and tannic acid (TA). The hydrogel can be printed into customized architectures with high fidelity to adapt to various wound shapes while exhibiting a robust tissue adhesion and mechanical strength. The incorporation of TA enhances hydrogen-bonding interactions, substantially improving both the adhesive and mechanical properties. As a result, the PLMATA hydrogel adheres robustly to skin wounds and remains intact under the dynamic conditions. Furthermore, owing to the inherent nature of PL and TA, the PLMATA hydrogel demonstrates outstanding cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and histocompatibility along with potent antioxidant capacity and broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy. Murine full-thickness wound models validated significant wound closure acceleration. This work presents printable adaptive hydrogel adhesives that harness enhanced hydrogen-bonding interactions to achieve robust tissue adhesion and mechanical performance while integrating antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, offering a promising strategy for managing diabetic wounds and injuries in mobile joint areas.