Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffold Film with Controlled Release of Tea Polyphenol-Magnesium Nanoformulations to Prevent Bacterial Infection

Bacterially infected bone defects require multifunctional bone tissue engineering scaffolds to prevent and treat infections, thereby promoting rapid repair at the implantation site. Compared to the widespread use of antibiotics, teapolyphenol-metal nanoformulation (TM) is more effective at killing bacteria and reducing the occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria. However, challenges such as high-concentration biological toxicity and difficulty integrating TM into tissue engineering scaffolds limit its application. Scaffold films are a promising technology that can address these issues. In this study, we developed an antibacterial film (n/rKTM) capable of adhering to the surface of 3D-printed bone tissue engineering scaffolds (PH) to sustainably release the antibacterial nanoformulation. This film prevents and treats methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections by inducing a reactive oxygen species burst in MRSA, which damages bacterial DNA and kills the bacteria. The controlled-release film reduces the risk of infection and improves the environment for bone tissue regeneration. It exhibits suitable water absorption properties, an ideal release profile, and a strong antimicrobial activity. Additionally, it shows excellent biocompatibility, promoting osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. This film holds potential for clinical application and offers a promising strategy to enhance the effectiveness of bone tissue engineering by preventing bacterial infections.