journal article·2025-03-14

3D-Printable Biobased Eutectogels Based on Soybean Oil and Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for Underwater EMG Recording

Sebastián Locatelli, Gisela C. Luque, Ruben Ruiz-Mateos Serrano, Antonio Dominguez-Alfaro, Gian Reniero, Matías L. Picchio, Joaquín Leiva, Luis M. Gugliotta, George G. Malliaras, David Mecerreyes, Ludmila I. Ronco, Roque J. Minari

ACS Applied Polymer Materials· Volume 7· Issue 5
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Abstract

Hydrophobic eutectogels represent an emerging class of soft materials with significant potential to revolutionize underwater body signal recording and sensing technologies. Existing materials, however, are limited by poor performance or low biocompatibility. To address these challenges, herein, we propose a biobased eutectogel that combines hydrophilic and biocompatible deep eutectic solvents (DES) with a nontoxic and highly hydrophobic polymer matrix based on acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO). We demonstrate fine-tuning of electrochemical, rheological, mechanical, and water-repelling properties by varying the degree of AESO functionalization and their DES composition and content. The resulting formulations demonstrated excellent suitability as inks for VAT photopolymerization three-dimensional (3D) printing, enabling the fabrication of structured hydrophobic gel electrodes. Underwater electromyography (EMG) recordings highlight the potential of these materials for use in marine biology, exploration, and environmental monitoring applications.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Conducting polymers and applications · Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials · Polydiacetylene-based materials and applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Polymer Reaction Engineering Group

INTEC Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET

Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials CIC biomaGUNE

Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K.

Facultad de Ingeniería Química

Universidad Nacional del Litoral

POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain

Basque Foundation for Science, IKERBASQUE, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Spain

Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional Villa María, Villa María, X5900HLR Córdoba, Argentina

Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET, CABA

Funding

Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica · H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions

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