Fabrication, sustainability, and key performance indicators of bioelectronics via fiber building blocks

Bioelectronics provide efficient information exchange between living systems and man-made devices, acting as a vital bridge in merging the domains of biology and technology. Using functional fibers as building blocks, bioelectronics could be hierarchically assembled with vast design possibilities across different scales, enhancing their application-specific biointegration, ergonomics, and sustainability. In this work, the authors review recent developments in bioelectronic fiber elements by reflecting on their fabrication approaches and key performance indicators, including the life cycle sustainability, environmental electromechanical performance, and functional adaptabilities. By delving into the challenges associated with physical deployment and exploring innovative design strategies for adaptability, we propose avenues for future development of bioelectronics via fiber building blocks, boosting the potential of "Fiber of Things" for market-ready bioelectronic products with minimized environmental impact.