Porous Carbon-Enhanced CuO/MoS2 Composites for High-Performance Nonenzymatic Glucose Detection

Abstract A ternary CuO/MoS2/porous carbon composite was rationally engineered to overcome the intrinsic conductivity limitation of CuO-based nonenzymatic glucose sensors. In this architecture, porous carbon provides physical confinement and enlarges the electroactive surface area, while mixed-phase (1T/2H) MoS2 optimizes interfacial electron transfer. The synergistic interplay of the three components constructs an interconnected electron transport network and simultaneously facilitates the formation of catalytically active copper species under alkaline conditions. Benefiting from the above structural optimization, the composite-modified glassy carbon electrode exhibits an ultrabroad linear detection range from 1 mM to 20 mM, which fully meets the requirements for human blood glucose monitoring. Although the sensitivity is slightly lower than some reported values, the overall performance in terms of selectivity, stability, and practicality is sufficient for clinical applications. In addition, the sensor features rapid amperometric response, excellent anti-interference capability toward common interferents, and good long-term operational stability. This work provides a feasible heterostructure design strategy for enhancing the electrochemical performance of metal oxide-based sensing platforms.