Inverse Faraday effect in 3 d , 4 d , and 5 d transition metals

Using first-principles calculations, we systematically investigate the spin contributions to the inverse Faraday effect (IFE) in transition metals. The IFE depends on the $d$-electron filling and asymmetry between excited electron and hole spin moments. Our results reveal that even elements with smaller electron magnetic moments, such as Os, can exhibit higher IFE due to greater electron-hole asymmetry. Pt shows the highest IFE in the $1--2\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ frequency range, while Os dominates in the $2--4\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ range. In addition, we demonstrate that the IFE of neighboring elements with similar crystal structures (e.g., Ir, Pt, and Au) can be tuned by adjusting their Fermi levels, indicating the importance of $d$ electron filling on IFE. Finally, we find that the trend in electron (or hole) contributions to the IFE closely follows that of the spin-Hall conductivity; however, the total IFE involves more complex interactions.