journal article·2026-04-03Open access

Anthracene-Modified Nanoporous Silica Nanoparticles for ATP Detection and Salivary Diagnostics in Parkinson’s Disease

Elcin Ezgi Ahi, Estela Climent, Cansu Beyret, Mehmet Gokhan Caglayan, Burak Coban, Rezzak Yilmaz, Vicente Martí-Centelles, Ramón Martínez-Máñez, Mahmut Durmuş

ACS Applied Nano Materials· Volume 9· Issue 13

Abstract

ATP is an essential biological molecule, and abnormal levels are linked to various diseases. In this study, we developed an optical sensor array consisting of an anthracene-modified MCM-41 mesoporous nanoparticle-based hybrid organic-inorganic material to detect ATP in a TRIS-HCl buffer (pH 7). To create the sensor, we synthesized MCM-41 silica nanoparticles and functionalized them with aminoanthracene and imidazolium-anthracene groups. The fluorescence responses of the optical sensor array were recorded and analyzed by using a pattern recognition protocol, specifically linear discriminant analysis, to distinguish between ATP, ADP, AMP, and potential interferents. Quantitative regression analysis of ATP in TRIS-HCl was performed using artificial neural networks, which yielded an acceptable error rate of 7.8%. The sensor array was also evaluated for discrimination of Parkinson's disease (PD) from healthy controls, based on pattern recognition of ATP-related analytes in saliva samples from 24 patients with PD and 23 healthy controls. The results showed that the MCM-41 mesoporous silica nanoparticle-based sensor array can discriminate PD by pattern recognition with 73.7% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions · Electrochemical sensors and biosensors · Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Chemistry

Gebze Technical University

Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain

CIBER de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)

Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Valencia 46026, Spain

Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy

Ankara University

Department of Neurology, School of Medicine

Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Altındaǧ, Ankara 06230, Türkiye

Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain

Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avenida Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, Valencia 46012, Spain

Funding

HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council · Ankara Universitesi · Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci?n y Universidades · Conselleria de Innovaci?n, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital, Generalitat Valenciana · NextGenerationEU · Instituto de Salud Carlos III · T?rkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu

References (70)

Show source-provided references
1. 10.3233/JPD-18147410.3233/JPD-181474 ↗
2. 10.1038/s41392-023-01353-310.1038/s41392-023-01353-3 ↗
3. 10.1038/s41531-024-00738-710.1038/s41531-024-00738-7 ↗
4. 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.11.02210.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.11.022 ↗
5. 10.3390/nu1504094310.3390/nu15040943 ↗
6. 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.03.00610.1016/j.expneurol.2009.03.006 ↗
7. 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b0038310.1021/acschemneuro.8b00383 ↗
8. 10.1007/s00702-021-02445-610.1007/s00702-021-02445-6 ↗
9. 10.1002/mdc3.1242510.1002/mdc3.12425 ↗
10. 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.04.01910.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.04.019 ↗
11. 10.3233/JPD-15068010.3233/JPD-150680 ↗
12. 10.1016/j.prdoa.2022.10016310.1016/j.prdoa.2022.100163 ↗
13. 10.1128/jb.177.22.6321-6329.199510.1128/jb.177.22.6321-6329.1995 ↗
14. 10.1007/s11302-012-9305-810.1007/s11302-012-9305-8 ↗
15. 10.1016/j.cell.2010.06.00710.1016/j.cell.2010.06.007 ↗
16. 10.1097/00004647-200110000-0000110.1097/00004647-200110000-00001 ↗
17. 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.08.01910.1016/j.neuron.2012.08.019 ↗
18. 10.1002/cphy.c14003810.1002/cphy.c140038 ↗
19. Dunn J. G. M. H. · 2023
20. 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.21430210.1016/j.ccr.2021.214302 ↗
21. 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.07.04510.1016/j.jmb.2006.07.045 ↗
22. 10.3389/fimmu.2022.92776110.3389/fimmu.2022.927761 ↗
23. 10.1093/infdis/jiad44210.1093/infdis/jiad442 ↗
24. 10.1038/jcbfm.1986.9710.1038/jcbfm.1986.97 ↗
25. 10.3390/bios1211091810.3390/bios12110918 ↗
26. 10.1016/j.microc.2025.11320310.1016/j.microc.2025.113203 ↗
27. 10.1016/j.saa.2021.12065810.1016/j.saa.2021.120658 ↗
28. 10.1007/s10895-022-03063-510.1007/s10895-022-03063-5 ↗
29. 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.10749010.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107490 ↗
30. 10.1016/j.ab.2019.05.00910.1016/j.ab.2019.05.009 ↗
31. 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.11227910.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112279 ↗
32. 10.1039/C9TB02319D10.1039/C9TB02319D ↗
33. 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c0224210.1021/acs.analchem.3c02242 ↗
34. 10.1007/s11302-022-09842-w10.1007/s11302-022-09842-w ↗
35. 10.3390/molecules2620632410.3390/molecules26206324 ↗
36. 10.3390/metabo1408045610.3390/metabo14080456 ↗
37. 10.1039/B812374H10.1039/B812374H ↗
38. 10.1016/j.microc.2020.10513110.1016/j.microc.2020.105131 ↗
39. 10.1016/j.trac.2024.11784610.1016/j.trac.2024.117846 ↗
40. 10.1039/c9pp00047j10.1039/c9pp00047j ↗
41. 10.1002/open.20150005310.1002/open.201500053 ↗
42. 10.1039/C2CS35378D10.1039/C2CS35378D ↗
43. 10.1002/smll.20190224210.1002/smll.201902242 ↗
44. 10.1038/s41392-023-01654-710.1038/s41392-023-01654-7 ↗
45. 10.1002/1521-4095(20020705)14:13/14<966::AID-ADMA966>3.0.CO;2-D10.1002/1521-4095(20020705)14:13/14<966::AID-ADMA966>3.0.CO;2-D ↗
46. 10.1021/acsapm.0c0100310.1021/acsapm.0c01003 ↗
47. 10.1039/D2NP00065B10.1039/D2NP00065B ↗
48. 10.1002/anse.20240000410.1002/anse.202400004 ↗
49. 10.1002/adma.20180063410.1002/adma.201800634 ↗
50. 10.1021/acssensors.4c0025210.1021/acssensors.4c00252 ↗
51. 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.12608110.1016/j.talanta.2024.126081 ↗
52. 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.05.01010.1016/j.chempr.2022.05.010 ↗
53. 10.1039/C8CC09857C10.1039/C8CC09857C ↗
54. 10.1039/c3cc42157k10.1039/c3cc42157k ↗
55. 10.1039/b501609f10.1039/b501609f ↗
56. 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b0058110.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00581 ↗
57. 10.1021/acsomega.8b0223210.1021/acsomega.8b02232 ↗
58. 10.1039/B809359H10.1039/B809359H ↗
59. 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b0824810.1021/acs.jpcc.9b08248 ↗
60. Freí, E.; Luce, J. K.; Loo, T. L.; Wilson, W. L.; Weiss, A. J.; Andrews, N. C.; Zee-Cheng, R. K. Y.; Cheng, C. C.; Murdock, K. C.; Child, R. G.; Fabio, P. F.; Angier, R. B.; Wallace, F. E.; Durr, F. E.; Citarella, R. V.; Wallace, R. E.; Alberts, D. S.; Mackel, C.; Pocelinko, R.; Salmon, S. E. DNA Binding by Antitumor Anthracene Derivatives; J. Med. Chem. 1990; Vol. 33. https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines.
61. 10.1002/adma.20200262910.1002/adma.202002629 ↗
62. 10.1039/c1nj20393b10.1039/c1nj20393b ↗
63. 10.1021/jp960559e10.1021/jp960559e ↗
64. Dennington R. · GaussView, Version 6.1.1. · 2016
65. 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.13374810.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133748 ↗
66. Frisch M. J. · 2016
67. 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b0402010.1021/acs.analchem.6b04020 ↗
68. 10.1007/s11426-017-9224-310.1007/s11426-017-9224-3 ↗
69. 10.1016/j.patcog.2022.10919610.1016/j.patcog.2022.109196 ↗
70. 10.1002/anse.20230009910.1002/anse.202300099 ↗