Quantum cluster variational method and phase diagram of the quantum ferromagneticJ1−J2model

We exploit the quantum cluster variational method (QCVM) to study the ${J}₁\text{\ensuremath{-}}{J}₂$ model for quantum Ising spins. We first describe the QCVM and discuss how it is related to other mean field approximations. The phase diagram of the model is studied at the level of the Kikuchi approximation in square lattices as a function of the ratio between $g={J}₂/{J}₁$, the temperature and the longitudinal and transverse external fields. Our results show that quantum fluctuations may change the order of the transition and induce a gap between the ferromagnetic and the stripe phases. Moreover, when both longitudinal and transverse fields are present, thermal fluctuations and quantum effects contribute to the appearance of a nematic phase.