Emergence of long-range magnetic order from spin-glass state by tuning electron density in a stoichiometric Ga-based quasicrystal approximant

This study reports the observation of ferromagnetic (FM) order in the non--Au-based approximant crystals (ACs) using an approach whereby a total electron-per-atom ($e/a$) ratio of the spin-glass ${\mathrm{Ga}}₅₀{\mathrm{Pd}}₃₆{\mathrm{Gd}}₁₄$ 1/1 AC is lowered by simultaneously substituting certain ratios of a trivalent Ga and a zero-valent Pd by a monovalent Au. The emergence of FM order by this method was confirmed via magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, and specific-heat measurements. The findings of this study open up opportunities in developing long-range magnetic orders from stoichiometric ACs, quasicrystals, and even other (Ruderman--Kittel--Kasuya--Yosida) RKKY compounds with spin-glass ground state.