Nonuniform superconductivity and Josephson effect in a conical ferromagnet

Using the Gorkov equations, we provide an exact solution for a one-dimensional model of superconductivity in the presence of a conical helicoidal exchange field. Due to the special type of symmetry of the system, the superconducting transition always occurs into a nonuniform superconducting phase (in contrast with the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state, which appears only at low temperatures). We directly demonstrate that the uniform superconducting state in our model carries a current and thus does not correspond to the ground state. We study in the framework of the Bogoliubov--de Gennes approach the properties of the Josephson junction with a conical ferromagnet as a weak link. In our numerical calculations, we do not use any approximations (such as, e.g., a quasiclassical approach), and we show a realization of an anomalous ${\ensuremath{\phi}}₀$ junction (with a spontaneous phase difference ${\ensuremath{\phi}}₀$ in the ground state). The spontaneous phase difference ${\ensuremath{\phi}}₀$ strongly increases at high values of the exchange field near the borderline with a half-metal, and it exists also in the half-metal regime.