journal article·2024-07-12Open access

Z-Laminating Assembly of Graphene Nanoflakes for Super-Strong Membranes and Functional Coatings

Ian Daniell Santos, Patrick Tjarks, Jeyavelan Muthu, You-Chen Lin, Zhi-Long Yen, Pradyumna Kumar Chand, Radha Raman, Dinh Tuan Nguyen, Mehdi Rouhani, Yeau-Ren Jeng, Ya-Ping Hsieh, Mario Hofmann

ACS Applied Nano Materials· Volume 7· Issue 13

Abstract

High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide We demonstrate the strengthening of graphene, an atomically thin carbon allotrope, by out-of-plane folding. Through lateral confinement of graphene at the water–air interface, nanoscale buckling was induced in suspended flakes, leading to an unexpected folding transition beyond a critical surface pressure. The emergence of folding was confirmed by in situ Brewster angle reflectivity and ex situ microscopy, showing a unique “z-laminated” nanostructure. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that z-lamination yields an enhanced adhesion between neighboring flakes compared to lateral sliding, which was confirmed by a surface pressure hysteresis during the folding process. Mechanical testing reveals superior Young’s modulus and yield strength when compared to conventional graphene assemblies and even compared to composites. We demonstrate the potential of the z-lamination approach for applications in graphene-based structural materials, tribological layers, and functional electrochemical coatings. Finally, the complete recyclability of z-laminated graphene opens up new routes toward sustainable nanostructured materials.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Graphene research and applications · Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications · Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, 106 Taipei, Taiwan

Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, 106 Taipei, Taiwan

J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18200 Prague, Czech Republic

Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, 106 Taipei, Taiwan

Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 106 Taipei, Taiwan

Department of Physics, National Central University, 320 Taoyuan, Taiwan

Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Central University, 106 Taipei, Taiwan

Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan

Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing, National Cheng-Kung University (NCKU), Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC

Funding

Academia Sinica · National Science and Technology Council

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