Unveiling Nanomechanical Heterogeneity of Poly(2,5-benzimidazole) Membranes Containing Zirconium-Based Nanoparticles in Alkaline Water Electrolyzers

This study investigates the nanoscale mechanical properties of poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI) membranes for alkaline water electrolyzers (AWEs) by using atomic force microscopy. Both pristine and composite membranes containing ZrO 2 or α-ZrP were analyzed for topography and nanomechanics. Zr-based nanoparticles enhanced Young’s modulus by 28% (ZrO 2 ) and 69% (α-ZrP) at minimal loading. Statistical analyses revealed three distinct behaviors in pure ABPBI, also present in composites, with clustering clarifying their distribution. These results highlight the value of nanoscale analysis and position Zr-modified ABPBI as a promising, durable, and cost-effective membrane for advanced AWE applications.