Macrophage Membrane-Coated Nanoscale Allicin for the Targeted Treatment of Drug-Resistant Bacterial Pneumonia

Drug-resistant bacterial pneumonia presents a substantial challenge for targeted drug delivery to the infected lung site due to the existence of mucus and gas-blood barriers. Allicin, renowned for its extensive bioactivity, holds promise as an antimicrobial agent. However, its unregulated bioavailability restricts both its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory efficacy. As a result, precise targeting of the infection site for controlled drug release is crucial in the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial pneumonia. In this study, we developed a macrophage cell membrane-modified nanoallicin composite material (Allicin@MSN@CM) by utilizing cell membrane modification technology. By harnessing the homing ability of macrophage cell membranes to inflammatory sites, we enabled the active aggregation of nanomaterials during circulation within the body. Furthermore, α-hemolysin secreted by MRSA bacteria was employed to perforate the cell membrane, facilitating on-demand drug release at the infection site. In vitro antibacterial experiments demonstrated that the material possesses strong antibacterial properties, alongside good stability and biocompatibility. Additionally, in a mouse model of lung infection, it not only effectively eradicated bacteria but also reduced lung inflammation. This study provides valuable insights into the application of nanocarriers in delivering traditional Chinese medicine to address the challenges posed by bacterial drug-resistant pneumonia.