Antibacterial MoS₂-Ce6-Ionic Liquid Nanoplatform against Photothermal/Photodynamic Combined Therapy and Wound Healing Acceleration

Drug-resistant bacterial infection is one of the major threats to human health. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria do not respond satisfactorily to conventional antibiotic treatment. Based on the photothermal effect, molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) nanoparticles, photosensitizer chlorin-e6 (Ce6), and an ionic liquid (IL) were used to construct a multifunctional nanoplatform (MoS 2 -Ce6-IL), which is responsive to near-infrared light (880 nm) and visible light (660 nm) with combined photothermal and photodynamic bacteriostatic activity. The characterization experiments revealed that the nanoplatform is spherical, with a ζ potential of −14.4 ± 1.1 mV, an overall particle size of about 230 nm, and a photothermal conversion efficiency of 54%. In this study, the treatment regimen was more than 93% effective against MDR Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and more than 91% effective against Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ). It can effectively inhibit MDR bacteria and promote skin wound healing in mice infected with S. aureus . By destroying the bacterial cell membrane and DNA, the nanoplatform interferes with the metabolism of substances and energy in bacterial cells and ultimately causes the death of MDR bacteria. In this study, a multifunctional nanosystem with remarkable bacteriostatic activity was successfully synthesized. The molecular mechanism of multidrug resistance in bacteria was elucidated, laying the foundation for its clinical application.