Facile co-pyrolysis synthesis of nano si-anisotropic C composite anodes with controlled silicon dispersion for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Chaehun Lim; Sangyeop Lee; Minah Kang; Seongjae Myeong; Young-Seak Lee

doi:10.1007/s42823-026-01107-5

journal article·2026-08

Facile co-pyrolysis synthesis of nano si-anisotropic C composite anodes with controlled silicon dispersion for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Chaehun Lim, Sangyeop Lee, Minah Kang, Seongjae Myeong, Young-Seak Lee

Carbon Letters· Volume 36· Issue 4

Publisher page

Bibliographic record

Abstract

No abstract is available for this record. The assistant can identify its topic from the title, but cannot infer the study’s results.

Source: Not provided · Quality: missing

Research context

Energy storage Composites

OpenAlex topics: Advancements in Battery Materials · Advanced battery technologies research · Fiber-reinforced polymer composites

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (46)

Show source-provided references

1. Jang H, Park SH, Kang D, Lee S, Li OL, Han YJ (2025) Design of edge-modified hard carbon frameworks with embedded silicon as a high-performance anode for lithium-ion batteries. J IND ENG CHEM 148:532–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2025.01.00610.1016/j.jiec.2025.01.006 ↗

2. Liu J, Zhang Z, Yin Y, Yang J, Li Y, Wang M, Huang B (2025) A mango peel-derived hard carbon as high-performance anode material for sodium-ion batteries. J IND ENG CHEM 148:514–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2025.01.00410.1016/j.jiec.2025.01.004 ↗

3. Lim C, Choi GB, Myeong S, Lee S, Kang M, Lee YS (2026) Polyethylene based hollow porous carbon by facile method for KIB anode material. CARBON LETT 36(1):131–139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-025-01005-210.1007/s42823-025-01005-2 ↗

4. Lim C, Choi GB, Ha S, Kim JH, Myeong S, Yu Y, Yang X, Kim SO, Lee YS (2025) Fluorination swing reaction derived porous carbon for effective potassium ion battery anode material. Carbon 234:120007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2025.12000710.1016/j.carbon.2025.120007 ↗

5. Ha S, Choi GB, Lim C, Min CG, Myeong S, Kang M, Kim YA, Kim SO, Lee YS (2024) Pyrolysis fuel oil-derived hollow carbon nanocages as high-stability anode materials for potassium ion storage. CHEM ENG J 491:151959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.15195910.1016/j.cej.2024.151959 ↗

6. Kim T, Song W, Son DY, Ono LK, Qi Y (2019) Lithium-ion batteries: outlook on present, future, and hybridized technologies. J MATER CHEM A 7(7):2942–2964. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA10513H10.1039/C8TA10513H ↗

7. Lim C, Ha S, Myeong S, Ha N, Min CG, Lee YS (2024) Enhanced electrochemical performance of N, F co-doped and etched needle coke-based lithium-ion battery anode materials by NF3 plasma treatment. ELECTROCHIM ACTA 487:144177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.14417710.1016/j.electacta.2024.144177 ↗

8. Li L, Zhang D, Deng J, Gou Y, Fang J, Cui H, Zhao Y, Cao M (2021) Carbon-based materials for fast charging lithium-ion batteries. Carbon 183:721–734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2021.07.05310.1016/j.carbon.2021.07.053 ↗

9. Chae E, Lee IW, Myeong S, Kang M, Kim BK, Bae TS, Lee YS (2026) Design of F-doped CoS2@C with void structure as a high-performance anode for lithium-ion battery. CARBON LETT 36:1049–1060. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-026-01053-210.1007/s42823-026-01053-2 ↗

10. Jiang X, Chen Y, Meng X, Cao W, Liu C, Huang Q, Naik N, Murugadoss V, Huang M, Guo Z (2022) The impact of electrode with carbon materials on safety performance of lithium-ion batteries: A review. Carbon 191:448–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2022.02.01110.1016/j.carbon.2022.02.011 ↗

11. Zhao W, Zhao C, Wu H, Li L, Zhang C (2024) Progress, challenge and perspective of graphite-based anode materials for lithium batteries: A review. J ENERGY STORAGE 81:110409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.11040910.1016/j.est.2023.110409 ↗

12. Kim KH, Cho JH, Hwang JU, Im JS, Lee YS (2021) A key strategy to form a LiF-based SEI layer for a lithium-ion battery anode with enhanced cycling stability by introducing a semi-ionic C–F bond. J IND ENG CHEM 99:48–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2021.04.00210.1016/j.jiec.2021.04.002 ↗

13. Myeong S, Min CG, Cheon S, Lim C, Chae E, Lee YS (2025) Novel structured hollow-C@SiOxFy nanospheres with NF3 fluorination for superior lithium-ion batteries: The role of SiOxFy in anode materials. CHEM ENG J 512:162650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.16265010.1016/j.cej.2025.162650 ↗

14. Myeong S, Ha S, Lim C, Min CG, Ha N, Kim BK, Lee YS (2024) Synergistic effects of fluorine plasma on improving carbon aerogel anodes performance in lithium-ion batteries. J ELECTROANAL CHEM 964:118332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2024.11833210.1016/j.jelechem.2024.118332 ↗

15. Ha S, Hwang K, Kim D, Yoon S, Lee YS (2023) Multiple performance enhancements with one effect: Improving the electrochemical performance of SiOx coated with specific aromatic compounds. J IND ENG CHEM 117:188–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2022.10.00310.1016/j.jiec.2022.10.003 ↗

16. Su X, Wu Q, Li J, Xiao X, Lott A, Lu W, Sheldon BW, Wu J (2014) Silicon-based nanomaterials for lithium-ion batteries: a review. ADV ENERGY MATER 4(1):1300882. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.20130088210.1002/aenm.201300882 ↗

17. Jin Y, Zhu B, Lu Z, Liu N, Zhu J (2017) Challenges and recent progress in the development of Si anodes for lithium-ion battery. ADV ENERGY MATER 7(23):1700715. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.20170071510.1002/aenm.201700715 ↗

18. Ahn WJ, Park BH, Seo SW, Kim S, Im JS (2023) Designing of 3D porous silicon/carbon complex anode based on metal-organic frameworks for lithium-ion battery. CARBON LETT 33(7):2349–2361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-023-00572-610.1007/s42823-023-00572-6 ↗

19. Kim KN, Kang SC, Seo SW, Seo DJ, Im JS, Lee SH, Seog JY (2024) Effects of macrostructure of carbon support in preparation of C/Six/C anode materials for lithium-ion batteries via silane decomposition. CARBON LETT 34(9):2305–2316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-024-00756-810.1007/s42823-024-00756-8 ↗

20. Xue X, Liu X, Lou B, Yang Y, Shi N, Wen F, Yang X, Liu D (2023) The mitigation of pitch-derived carbon with different structures on the volume expansion of silicon in Si/C composite anode. J ENERGY CHEM 84:292–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2023.04.00410.1016/j.jechem.2023.04.004 ↗

21. Escamilla-Pérez AM, Roland A, Giraud S, Guiraud C, Virieux H, Demoulin K, Oudart Y, Louvain N, Monconduit L (2019) Pitch-based carbon/nano-silicon composite, an efficient anode for Li-ion batteries. RSC ADV 9(19):10546–10553. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA00437H10.1039/C9RA00437H ↗

22. Chae S, Xu Y, Yi R, Lim HS, Velickovic D, Li X, Li Q, Wang C, Zhang JG (2021) A micrometer-sized silicon/carbon composite anode synthesized by impregnation of petroleum pitch in nanoporous silicon. ADV MATER 33(40):2103095. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20210309510.1002/adma.202103095 ↗

23. Lim C, Kwak CH, Ko Y, Lee YS (2022) Mesophase pitch production from fluorine-pretreated FCC decant oil. Fuel 328:125244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.12524410.1016/j.fuel.2022.125244 ↗

24. Lim C, Ko Y, Kwak CH, Kim S, Lee YS (2022) Mesophase pitch production aided by the thermal decomposition of polyvinylidene fluoride. CARBON LETT 32(5):1329–1335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-022-00369-z10.1007/s42823-022-00369-z ↗

25. Lim C, Ha S, Myeong S, Ha N, Min CG, Lee YS (2024) Production of needle cokes via mild condition co-pyrolysis of FCC-DO and PFPE. Fuel 360:130622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.13062210.1016/j.fuel.2023.130622 ↗

26. Lim C, Myeong S, Lee S, Ha S, Lee YS (2025) Controlling the softening point of mesophase pitch via edge-selective fluorination. CARBON LETT 35(5):2021–2027. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-025-00947-x10.1007/s42823-025-00947-x ↗

27. Cristadoro A, Kulkarni SU, Burgess WA, Cervo EG, Räder HJ, Müllen K, Bruce DA, Thies MC (2009) Structural characterization of the oligomeric constituents of petroleum pitches. Carbon 47(10):2358–2370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2009.04.02710.1016/j.carbon.2009.04.027 ↗

28. Yaming Z, Xuefei Z, Lijuan G, Junxia C (2018) Pyrolysis kinetics and microstructure of thermal conversion products on toluene soluble component from two kinds of modified pitch. CARBON LETT 28:38–46. https://doi.org/10.5714/CL.2018.28.03810.5714/CL.2018.28.038 ↗

29. Silva SL, Silva AM, Ribeiro JC, Martins FG, Da Silva FA, Silva CM (2011) Chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis of heavy crude oil mixtures with emphasis in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: A review. ANAL CHIM ACTA 707(1):18–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2011.09.01010.1016/j.aca.2011.09.010 ↗

30. Srivastava M, Kumar M, Agrawal U, Garg M (2012) Comparison of structural properties of pitches prepared from petroleum refinery/petrochemical residues using NMR spectroscopy. OPEN PET ENG J 5:14–20. https://doi.org/10.2174/187483410120501001410.2174/1874834101205010014 ↗

31. Cho Y, Kim YH, Kim S (2011) Planar limit-assisted structural interpretation of saturates/aromatics/resins/asphaltenes fractionated crude oil compounds observed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. ANAL CHEM 83(15):6068–6073. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac201168510.1021/ac2011685 ↗

32. Li X, Wang L, Xie Y, Yao Q, Sun M (2024) Preparation of needle coke from low-temperature coal tar pitch based on modification, component separation and component blending. Carbon 230:119686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2024.11968610.1016/j.carbon.2024.119686 ↗

33. Obara T, Yokono T, Sanada Y, Marsh H (1985) Carbonization behaviour of pitch in the presence of inert material. Fuel 64(7):995–998. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(85)90157-710.1016/0016-2361(85)90157-7 ↗

34. Xi W, Lin X, Yang J, Wang C, Wang Y (2026) Synthesizing mesophase carbon fibers from co-polymerization of coal liquefaction pitch and anthracene oil with the synergistic effect of molecular structure. J IND ENG CHEM 155:865–878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2025.08.02510.1016/j.jiec.2025.08.025 ↗

35. Lim MS, Chae JS, Kang YC, Roh KC (2026) Carbon-enriched petroleum pitch derived from activated carbon for conductive agent-free supercapacitors. J IND ENG CHEM. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2026.03.00310.1016/j.jiec.2026.03.003 ↗

36. Westra JM, Vavruňková V, Šutta P, van Swaaij RM, Zeman M (2010) Formation of thin-film crystalline silicon on glass observed by in-situ XRD. Energy Procedia 2(1):235–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2010.07.03410.1016/j.egypro.2010.07.034 ↗

37. Wahab R, Ahmad N, Alam M (2020) Silicon nanoparticles: a new and enhanced operational material for nitrophenol sensing. J MATER SCI MATER ELECTRON 31(19):17084–17099. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04269-810.1007/s10854-020-04269-8 ↗

38. Yuan R, Guo Y, Gurgan I, Siddique N, Li YS, Jang S, Noh GA, Kim SH (2025) Raman spectroscopy analysis of disordered and amorphous carbon materials: A review of empirical correlations. Carbon 238:120214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2025.12021410.1016/j.carbon.2025.120214 ↗

39. Lim C, Ha S, Myeong S, Kawaguchi R, Yoshii T, Nishihara H, Choi YR, Kang M, Kim JW, Kim H, Kim YA, Lee YS (2025) Engineering active edge sites via fluorination-defluorination cycles in activated carbon. Carbon 244:120698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2025.12069810.1016/j.carbon.2025.120698 ↗

40. Li Z, Deng L, Kinloch IA, Young RJ (2023) Raman spectroscopy of carbon materials and their composites: Graphene, nanotubes and fibres. PROG MATER SCI 135:101089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2023.10108910.1016/j.pmatsci.2023.101089 ↗

41. Lim C, Myeong S, Lee S, Yu Y, Yang X, Lee YS (2026) Tailored porous carbon fibers via fluorination–defluorination and their potential application as EMI shielding: a new route without stabilization or activation. Carbon 248:121217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2025.12121710.1016/j.carbon.2025.121217 ↗

42. Min CG, Lim C, Myeong S, Ha N, Lee YS (2024) Improved electrochemical properties of lithium-ion batteries prepared using oxygen plasma-treated needle coke-based anode materials. MATER TODAY COMMUN 41:110760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.11076010.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.110760 ↗

43. Ha N, Lim C, Min CG, Myeong S, Lee YS (2024) Effects of the oxyfluorination of needle coke-based anode materials on the capacities and stabilities of lithium-ion batteries. MATER LETT 372:137007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2024.13700710.1016/j.matlet.2024.137007 ↗

44. Kim D, Kim KH, Lim C, Lee YS (2022) Carbon-coated SiOx anode materials via PVD and pyrolyzed fuel oil to achieve lithium-ion batteries with high cycling stability. CARBON LETT 32(1):321–328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-021-00314-610.1007/s42823-021-00314-6 ↗

45. Kim KS Lee IW, Kim BK, Bae TS, Lee YS (2025) Synergistic effect of reducing volume expansion and improving electrochemical performance through a LiF-based SEI formation on SiOx/C electrodes. J IND ENG CHEM 143:416–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2024.08.04710.1016/j.jiec.2024.08.047 ↗

46. Zhu G, Wang Y, Yang S, Qu Q, Zheng H (2019) Correlation between the physical parameters and the electrochemical performance of a silicon anode in lithium-ion batteries. J MATERIOMICS 5(2):164–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmat.2019.03.00510.1016/j.jmat.2019.03.005 ↗