Stretchable graphene conductor based on fluid dynamics and its application to flexible conductometric sensor
Source abstract
Abstract
A facile and efficient method was developed to prepare highly stretchable and conductive graphene conductors with wrinkled structures by the mechanical stretching and shrinking of elastomeric substrates, in which graphene inks were printed on a prestretched elastomeric substrate. Stretchable and exfoliated graphene inks were prepared by mixing graphite and Ecoflex in a shear-assisted fluid dynamics reactor. The resultant graphene conductor exhibited excellent stretchability at 150% strain and high electrical conductivity of 64 ± 1.2 S m−1. The resistance of the conductor did not change in bent, twisted, and stretched states. The resistance did not change during 10,000 cycles of stretching/releasing, with a maximum strain of 150%. Based on the graphene conductor, a stretchable conductometric sensor with a two-electrode configuration was fabricated to measure impedance changes at different concentrations of electrolyte ions. This sensor exhibited a good and linear sensitivity curve (298.61 Ω mM−1, R2 = 0.999) in bent and stretched states.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials · Analytical Chemistry and Sensors · Conducting polymers and applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (47)
Show source-provided references
1. Lee S, Shin S, Lee S, Seo J, Lee J, Son S, Cho HJ, Algadi H, Al-Sayari S, Kim DE, Lee T (2015) Ag nanowire reinforced highly stretchable conductive fibers for wearable electronics. Adv Funct Mater 25:3114–3121. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.20150062810.1002/adfm.201500628 ↗
2. Ge J, Sun L, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Shi L, Zhao H, Zhu H, Jiang H, Yu S (2016) A stretchable electronic fabric artificial skin with pressure-, lateral strain-, and flexion-sensitive properties. Adv Mater 28:722–728. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20150423910.1002/adma.201504239 ↗
3. Liu W, Song M, Kong B, Cui Y (2017) Flexible and stretchable energy storage: Recent advances and future perspectives. Adv Mater 29:1603436–1603469. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20160343610.1002/adma.201603436 ↗
4. Park HJ, Jeong J, Son SG, Kim SJ, Lee M, Kim HJ, Jeong J, Hwang SY, Park J, Eom Y, Choi BG (2021) Fluid-dynamics-processed highly stretchable, conductive, and printable graphene inks for real-time monitoring sweat during stretching exercise. Adv Funct Mater 31:2011059–2011070. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.20201105910.1002/adfm.202011059 ↗
5. Kang C, Ko Y, Fujisawa K, Yokokawa T, Kim JH, Han JH, Wee J, Kim YA, Muramatsu H, Hayashi T (2020) Hybridized double-walled carbon nanotubes and activated carbon as free-standing electrode for flexible supercapacitor applications. Carbon Lett 30:527–534. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-020-00122-410.1007/s42823-020-00122-4 ↗
6. Jeong H, Kim J, Jo K, Kee J, Choi J, Koo J (2021) Oriented wrinkle textures of free-standing graphene nanosheets: application as a high-performance lithium-ion battery anode. Carbon Lett 31:277–285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-020-00163-910.1007/s42823-020-00163-9 ↗
7. Edakkaparamban S, Parasseri MS, Yogesh GK, Arumugam CB, Dillibabu S (2021) A simple nonenzymatic glucose sensor based on coconut shell charcoal powder-coated nickel foil electrode. Carbon Lett 31:729–735. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-020-00202-510.1007/s42823-020-00202-5 ↗
8. Goud KY, Sandhu SS, Teymourian H, Yin L, Tostado N, Raushel FM, Harvey SP, Moores LC, Wang J (2021) Textile-based wearable solid-contact flexible fluoride sensor: toward biodetection of G-type nerve agents. Biosens Bioelectron 182:113172–113181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2021.11317210.1016/j.bios.2021.113172 ↗
9. Park HJ, Yoon JH, Lee KG, Choi BG (2019) Potentiometric performance of flexible pH sensor based on polyaniline nanofiber arrays. Nano Converg 6:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40580-019-0179-010.1186/s40580-019-0179-0 ↗
10. Yoon JH, Kim KH, Bae NH, Sim GS, Oh Y, Lee SJ, Lee TJ, Lee KG, Choi BG (2017) Fabrication of newspaper-based potentiometric platforms for flexible and disposable ion sensors. J Colloid Interface Sci 508:167–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2017.08.03610.1016/j.jcis.2017.08.036 ↗
11. Kim N, Lienemann S, Petsagkourakis I, Mengistie DA, Kee S, Ederth T, Gueskine V, Leclère P, Lazzaroni R, Crispin X, Tybrandt K (2020) Elastic conducting polymer composites in thermoelectric modules. Nat Commun 11:1424–1433. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15135-w10.1038/s41467-020-15135-w ↗
12. Yoon JH, Park HJ, Park SH, Lee KG, Choi BG (2020) Electrochemical characterization of reduced graphene oxide as an ion-to-electron transducer and application of screen-printed all-solid-state potassium ion sensors. Carbon Lett 30:73–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-019-00072-610.1007/s42823-019-00072-6 ↗
13. Kayser LV, Lipomi DJ (2019) Stretchable conductive polymers and composites based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS. Adv Mater 31:1806133–1806145. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20180613310.1002/adma.201806133 ↗
14. Wang Y, Huang F, Chen X, Wang X, Zhang W, Peng J, Li J, Zhai M (2018) Stretchable, conductive, and self-healing hydrogel with super metal adhesion. Chem Mater 30:4289–4297. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b0126010.1021/acs.chemmater.8b01260 ↗
15. Liang S, Li Y, Yang J, Zhang J, He C, Liu Y, Zhou X (2016) 3D stretchable, compressible, and highly conductive metal-coated polydimethylsiloxane sponges. Adv Mater Technol 1:1600117–1600123. https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.20160011710.1002/admt.201600117 ↗
16. Wang B, Thukral A, Xie Z, Liu L, Zhang X, Huang W, Yu X, Yu C, Marks TJ, Facchetti A (2020) Flexible and stretchable metal oxide nanofiber networks for multimodal and monolithically integrated wearable electronics. Nat Commun 11:2405–2416. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16268-810.1038/s41467-020-16268-8 ↗
17. Kim DS, Jeong J, Park HJ, Kim YK, Lee KG, Choi BG (2021) Highly concentrated, conductive, defect-free graphene ink for screen-printed sensor application. Nanomicro Lett 13:87–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00617-310.1007/s40820-021-00617-3 ↗
18. Phung X, Groza J, Stach EA, Williams LN, Ritchey SB (2003) Surface characterization of metal nanoparticles. Mater Sci Eng A 359:261–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00348-410.1016/S0921-5093(03)00348-4 ↗
19. Narayanan KB, Sakthivel N (2010) Biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles by microbes. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 156:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2010.02.00110.1016/j.cis.2010.02.001 ↗
20. Liu H, Gao J, Huang W, Dai K, Zheng G, Liu C, Shen C, Yan X, Guo J, Guo Z (2016) Electrically conductive strain sensing polyurethane nanocomposites with synergistic carbon nanotubes and graphene bifillers. Nanoscale 8:12977–12989. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6NR02216B10.1039/C6NR02216B ↗
21. Nie B, Li X, Shao J, Li X, Tian H, Wang D, Zhang Q, Lu B (2017) Flexible and transparent strain sensors with embedded multiwalled-carbon-nanotubes meshes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 46:40681–40689. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b1298710.1021/acsami.7b12987 ↗
22. Konda A, Rau A, Stoller MA, Taylor JM, Salam A, Pribil GA, Argyropoulos A, Morin SA (2018) Soft microreactors for the deposition of conductive metallic traces on planar, embossed, and curved surfaces. Adv Func Mater 28:1803020–1803029. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.20180302010.1002/adfm.201803020 ↗
23. Blomquist N, Wells T, Andres B, Bäckström J, Forsberg S, Olin H (2017) Metal-free supercapacitor with aqueous electrolyte and low-cost carbon materials. Sci Rep 7:39836–39843. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep3983610.1038/srep39836 ↗
24. Lee B, Choi B, Lee J, Hong S, Lee J, Choi J (2021) Fabrication of porous carbon beads from polyacrylonitrile as electrode materials for electric double-layer capacitors. Carbon Lett 31:67–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-020-00150-010.1007/s42823-020-00150-0 ↗
25. Feng P, Yuan Y, Zhong M, Shao J, Liu X, Xu J, Zhang J, Li K, Zhao W (2020) Integrated resistive-capacitive strain sensors based on polymer−nanoparticle composites. ACS Appl Nano Mater 3:4357–4366. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.0c0048710.1021/acsanm.0c00487 ↗
26. Xiang D, Zhang X, Li Y, Harkin-Jones E, Zheng Y, Wang L, Zhao C, Wang P (2019) Enhanced performance of 3D printed highly elastic strain sensors of carbon nanotube/thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites via non-covalent interactions. Compos B Eng 176:107250–107262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.10725010.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107250 ↗
27. Zheng Y, Li Y, Dai K, Wang Y, Zheng G, Liu C, Shen C (2018) A highly stretchable and stable strain sensor based on hybrid carbon nanofillers/polydimethylsiloxane conductive composites for large human motions monitoring. Compos Sci Technol 156:276–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.01.01910.1016/j.compscitech.2018.01.019 ↗
28. Lee H, Choi TK, Lee YB, Cho HR, Ghaffari R, Wang L, Choi HJ, Chung TD, Lu N, Hyeon T, Choi SH, Kim D (2016) A graphene-based electrochemical device with thermoresponsive microneedles for diabetes monitoring and therapy. Nat Nanoetchnol 11:566–572. https://doi.org/10.1038/NNANO.2016.3810.1038/NNANO.2016.38 ↗
29. Palaniappan S, Devi SL (2007) Novel chemically synthesized polyaniline electrodes containing a fluoroboric acid dopant for supercapacitors. J Appl Polym Sci 107:1887–1892. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.2722810.1002/app.27228 ↗
30. Lee JE, Lee Y, Ahn K, Huh J, Shim HW, Sampath G, Im WB, Huh Y, Yoon H (2015) Role of co-vapors in vapor deposition polymerization. Sci Rep 5:8420–8428. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep0842010.1038/srep08420 ↗
31. Guan Y, Zhang Z, Tang Y, Yin J, Ren S (2018) Kirigami-inspired nanoconfined polymer conducting nanosheets with 2000% stretchability. Adv Mater 30:1706390–1706398. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20170639010.1002/adma.201706390 ↗
32. Yang J, Cao Q, Tang X, Du J, Yu T, Xu X, Cai D, Guan C, Huang W (2021) 3D-Printed highly stretchable conducting polymer electrodes for flexible supercapacitors. J Matter Chem A 9:19649–19658. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ta02617h10.1039/d1ta02617h ↗
33. Zhao W, Liu Y, Zhao C, Shi X, Feng X, Xu J, Wang S, Wu Y, Yan S (2021) A fast self-healable and stretchable conductor based on hierarchical wrinkled structure for flexible electronics. Compos Sci Technol 211:108834–108840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2021.10883410.1016/j.compscitech.2021.108834 ↗
34. Jeong J, Park SH, Park HJ, Jeon H, Suh H, Hwang SY, Choi BG (2020) Fluid dynamics-induced surface engineering for holey and stable metallic MoS2 nanosheets with high pseudocapacitance and ultrafast rate capability. ACS Appl Energy Mater 12:12078–12087. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.0c0219610.1021/acsaem.0c02196 ↗
35. Jeong J, Jin SB, Park HJ, Park SH, Jeon H, Suh H, Park Y, Seo D, Hwang SY, Kim DH, Choi BG (2020) Large-scale fast fluid dynamic processes for the syntheses of 2D nanohybrids of metal nanoparticle-deposited boron nitride nanosheet and their glycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate). Adv Mater Interfaces 7:2000599–2000609. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.20200059910.1002/admi.202000599 ↗
36. Jeong J, Jin SB, Son SG, Suh H, Moon J, Choi BG (2020) Fast and facile synthesis of two-dimensional FeIII nanosheets based on fluid-shear exfoliation for highly catalytic glycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate). React Chem Eng 6:297–303. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0re00385a10.1039/d0re00385a ↗
37. Sterck D, Qu J, Kordmahale SB, Tscharnuter D, Muliana A, Kameoka J (2018) Mechanical responses of Ecoflex silicone rubber: compressible and incompressible behaviors. J Appl Polym Sci 136:47025–47036. https://doi.org/10.1002/APP.4702510.1002/APP.47025 ↗
38. Cheuvront SN, Kenefick RW, Heavens KR, Spitz MG (2014) A comparison of whole blood and plasma osmolality and osmolarity. J Clin Lab Anal 28:368–373. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.2169510.1002/jcla.21695 ↗
39. Kanbay M, Aslan G, Afsar B, Dagel T, Siriopol D, Kuwabara M, Incir S, Camkiran V, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Lanaspa MA, Covic A, Johnson RJ (2018) Acute effects of salt on blood pressure are mediated by serum osmolality. J Clin Hypertens 20:1447–1454. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.1337410.1111/jch.13374 ↗
40. Bron AJ, Willshire C (2021) Tear osmolarity in the diagnosis of systemic dehydration and dry eye disease. Diagnostics 11:387–411. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics1103038710.3390/diagnostics11030387 ↗
41. Villiger M, Stoop R, Vetsch T, Hohenauer E, Pini M, Clarys P, Pereira F, Clijsen R (2018) Evaluation and review of body fluids saliva, sweat and tear compared to biochemical hydration assessment markers within blood and urine. Eur J Clin Nutr 72:69–76. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2017.13610.1038/ejcn.2017.136 ↗
42. Lara B, Gallo-Salazar C, Puente C, Areces F, Salinero JJ, Coso JD (2016) Interindividual variability in sweat electrolyte concentration in marathoners. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 13:31–39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-016-0141-z10.1186/s12970-016-0141-z ↗
43. Saha T, Fang J, Mukherjee S, Dickey MD, Velev OD (2021) Wearable osmotic-capillary patch for prolonged sweat harvesting and sensing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 13:8071–8081. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c2273010.1021/acsami.0c22730 ↗
44. Okumura A, Ishikawa K, Watanbe R, Tsunekawa T, Asai C, Kiyota A, Watanabe M, Oiso Y (2013) Urine output and resultant osmotic water shift are major determinants of plasma sodium level in syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Transl Res 162:56–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trsl.2013.03.00710.1016/j.trsl.2013.03.007 ↗
45. Danziger J, Zeidel ML (2015) Osmotic homeostasis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 10:852–862. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.1074101310.2215/CJN.10741013 ↗
46. Mclafferty E, Johnstone C, Hendry C, Farley A (2014) Fluid and electrolyte balance. Life Sci 28:42–49. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns2014.03.28.29.42.e553110.7748/ns2014.03.28.29.42.e5531 ↗
47. Wardani DAP, Hariyanto B, Kurniawati N, Har HP, Darmawan Irzaman N (2021) Synthesis of silicon dioxide (SiO2) from reeds biomass (Imperata cylindrica) and the analysis of electrical properties (study cases: impedance, resistance, capacitive reactance, inductive reactance). J Phys Conf Ser 2019:012064–012069. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2019/1/01206410.1088/1742-6596/2019/1/012064 ↗