Energy evolution of bipolaron in phenylene ring polymer under high electric field

Abstract The dynamics of a bipolaron in a phenylene ring polymer in the presence of a high electric field was studied by using an extended tight-binding model. Due to the strong electron–phonon coupling, the doped electrons cannot dissociate from the lattice even if the applied electric field is as high as up to 5×106 V/cm. The lattice potential energy and the electronic energy oscillate out of phase.