Photorefractive resistance of near-stoichiometric LiNbO3 fiber single crystal by addition of ZnO

Abstract Undoped and 1, 2 and 3 mol% ZnO-doped LiNbO3 fiber single crystals with near-stoichiometric compositions were grown by the micro-pulling down (μ-PD) method. The grown crystals were free of cracks, and homogeneous distributions of the ZnO concentration were observed by electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA). It was found indirectly from the optical properties of the LiNbO3 fiber single crystals that doping them with Zn2+ increases their photorefractive resistance.