Crystal growth, measurement and modeling of the optical activity of α-GeO2 – Comparison with α-SiO2

This work aimed first at growing high quality bulk $α$-GeO$_2$ crystals in their Quartz iso-structural form ($α$-SiO$_2$), using a high temperature flux method. By optimizing the flux composition and the geometry and orientation of the seeds, it has been possible to achieve growth yields up to 90 % leading for the first time to bulk single crystals up to 3.5 cm$^3$. Thanks to the optical quality and size of the obtained crystals, the second step of this study was the measurement of the optical activity of $α$-GeO$_2$ between 0.3 and 2 $μ$m. This gave access to the value of one of the independent components of the gyration tensor (g33) as a function of the wavelength. An $α$-SiO$_2$ slab have been used to validate our methodology. Both crystals show a magnitude of optical activity of 3.4x10$^-5$ rad/$μ$m in the near IR range and great variations where the higher values are 3.4x10$^-3$ rad/$μ$m and 1.7x10$^-3$ rad/$μ$m at 0.3 $μ$m for $α$-GeO$_2$ and $α$-SiO$_2$, respectively. The measurements are perfectly described by an empirical model that we propose and which relies on the macroscopic first-order electrical susceptibility and on the pitch of the structural helix compared to the wavelength of light.